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O 2. Nonenzymatic sources Mitochondrial respiratory chain Glucose autoxidation Glycation-formation of AGE products Activation of polyol pathway Enzymatic sources Endothelial and VSMC NAD (P)H Oxidase Xanthine oxidase Cyclooxygenase Uncoupled NOS. OH. Fenton reaction (Fe or Cu).
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O2 Nonenzymatic sources Mitochondrial respiratory chain Glucose autoxidation Glycation-formation of AGE products Activation of polyol pathway Enzymatic sources Endothelial and VSMC NAD(P)H Oxidase Xanthine oxidase Cyclooxygenase Uncoupled NOS OH Fenton reaction (Fe or Cu) Mn-SOD (mitochondria) H2O2 O2- Cu-SOD (cytosol) GSH NO GSH-Px (mitochondria) GSH-reductase catalase (peroxisome) GSSG ONOO- H2O + O2