Anatomy of the Muscular System

1. Anatomy of the Muscular System Anatomy & Physiology

2. Skeletal Muscle Structure • Endomysium: connective tissue membrane that surrounds individual muscle fibers or cells • Fascicles: groups of skeletal muscle fibers • Perimysium: connective tissue membrane surrounding fascicles • Epimysium: connective tissue membrane around muscle as a whole

3. Skeletal Muscle Structure

4. Attachment to bones • Tendons: strong touch cord • Aponeurosis: broad flat sheet of connective tissue

5. Fascia • Fibrous connective tissue surrounding the muscle organ & tendon

6. Attachment of Skeletal Muscles • Origin: point of attachment that doesn’t move when muscle contracts • Insertion: point of attachment that moves when muscles contract

7. Muscle Actions • Agonist (prime mover) • Antagonist • Synergist • Fixator

8. Agonist and antagonist • Agonist: muscle or group of muscles that that directly perform a specific movement • Antagonist: muscles that oppose a prime mover or agonist. Relaxed when agonist when contracts

9. Synergist & Fixator • Synergists: muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover. They complement prime mover actions. • Fixator: generally function as joint stabilizers. Serve to maintain posture or balance.

10. How muscles are named • Location: biceps, brachii • Function: adductor, longus • Shape: trapezius • Direction of fibers: rectus, abdominus • Number of heads: biceps, brachii • Points of attachment: sternocleidomastoid • Size: gluteus, maximus

11. GO TO: Muscle labeling slides

12. Muscles of facial expression Occipitofrontalis #6 Orbicularis oris #4 Orbicularis oculi #2 Zygomaticus #3 Buccinator Muscles of Mastication Massester #15 Temporalis #1 Muscles of the Head

13. Muscles of the Neck • Sternocleidomastoid #16 front view • Trapezius #6 back view

15. Muscles of the Thorax • Internal intercostals • External intercostals • Diaphragm

16. Muscles of the Abdominal Wall • External oblique #17 front • Internal oblique #9 front • Tranversus abdominus • Rectus abdominus #8 front

17. Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

18. Biceps brachii • Flexes forearm • # 7 front view

19. Triceps brachii • Extends the lower arm • #8 back view

20. Pectoralis • #5 front view

21. Deltoids • #6 front view

22. Serratus anterior • #23 front view

23. Teres major • #12 back view

24. Brachialis

25. Pronator • # 24, front view

26. Bachioradialis • #25 front view

27. Flexor carpi ulnaris

28. Flexor carpi radialis • #26 front view

29. Gluteus maximus #1, back view

30. Gluteus medius • #11 back view

31. Pectineus • #27 front view

32. Gracilis • #11 front view

33. Sartorius • #12 front view

34. Adductor magnus • #2 back view • #10 front view

35. Rectus femoris • #19 front view

36. Vastus lateralis • #20 front view

37. Vastus medialis • #21 front view

38. Vastus intermedius

39. Biceps femoris • #3 back view

40. Semimembranosus

41. Semitendinosus • #4 back view

42. Peroneus • #22 front view

43. Tibialis anterior • #13 front view

44. Soleus • #13 back view

45. Gastrocnemius • #5 back view

46. Image Citations • Slide 3: Structure of skeletal muscle, 11/5/06, http://www.people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes3.htm • Slide 4, 8, 13: • Slide 6: muscle, 11/5/06, http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20J%20Anatomy%20of%20a%20Muscle.htm • Slide 17: Biceps brachii, 11/5/06, http://homepages.utoledo.edu/smcgreg2/ANTMUSCLE/sld004.htm • Slide 18: Triceps brachii, 11/5/06, http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceps_brachii • Slide 19: Pectoralis major, 11/5/06, http://www.exrx.net/Muscles/PectoralisSternal.html

47. Image Citations • Slide 20: Deltoids, 11/5/06, http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/kids/science/Biology%20Cells/Muscle/Kids%20Muscles/Shoulder/Shoulder.htm • Slide 21: Serratus anterior, 11/5/06, http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99sie%C5%84_z%C4%99baty_przedni • Slide 22: Teres major, 11/5/06, http://www.abcbodybuilding.com/anatomy/shouldersanatomy1.htm • Slide 23: Brachialis, 11/5/06, http://www.letempledelaforme.com/anatomie/anatomie/brachial_anterieur.htm • Slide 24: Pronator teres, 11/5/06, http://www.rad.washington.edu/atlas/pronatorteres.html

48. Image Citations • Slide 25 & 26: Brachioradialis, 11/5/06, http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20J%20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Arm.htm • Slide 27: Flexor carpi radialis, 11/5/06, http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20J%20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Arm.htm • Slide 28: Gluteal muscles, 11/5/06, http://www.audreysmassage.com/featurepage/gluteal.html • Slide 29: Gluteus medius, 11/5/06, http://www.audreysmassage.com/featurepage/gluteal.html • Slide 30: Diagram of pectineus m, 11/5/06, http://summit.stanford.edu/ourwork/PROJECTS/LUCY/lucywebsite/pectineus1.html

49. Image Citations • Slide 31: Anterior hip muscles, 11/5/06, http://www.answers.com/topic/gracilis-muscle • Slide 32: Sartorius, 11/5/06, http://www.sportandsupport.nl/sartorius.html • Slide 33: Adductor magnus and longus, 11/5/06, http://courses.washington.edu/hubio553/atlas/205.html • Slide 34: Rectus femoris, 11/5/06, http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig01.htm • Slide 35: Vastus lateralis, 11/5/06, http://myphlip.pearsoncmg.com/altproducts/drugguide/ab2page.cfm?vbcid=6645&vid=1110 • Slide 36: Vastus medialis, 11/5/06, http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig03.htm

50. Image Citations • Slide 37: Vastus intermedius, 11/5/06, http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig04.htm • Slide 38: Biceps femoris, 11/5/06, http://www.gomotion.dk/pe1.asp?p_id=171 • Slide 39: Hamstring muscles, 11/5/06, http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/fab/tutorial/anatomy/thight.html • Slide 40: Semitendinosus, 11/5/06, http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20J%20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Leg.htm • Slide 41: Peroneus, 11/5/06, http://biking.taiiku.tsukuba.ac.jp/~takai/Anatomy/e-anatomy/GR/peroneus.l.GIF • Slide 42: diagram of tibialis anterior, 11/5/06, http://vancouvermassage.ca/articles/spot-03.php