Chapters 1 & 2 Review

1. Chapters 1 & 2 Review Multiple Choice Test # 1

2. Which philosopher most clearly rejected the idea that the mind is separable from the body? • a. Plato • b. Socrates • c. Aristotle • d. Descartes

3. Compared with the structuralists, early behaviorists were much less likely to focus on the study of: • a. smiling. • b. screaming. • c. fighting. • d. thinking.

4. 3. Debates as to whether alcohol abuse is biologically determined or culturally influenced are most relevant to the issue of: • a. nature versus nurture • b. correlation versus causation. • c. behavior versus mental processes. • d. structuralism versus functionalism.

5. Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the ________ perspective. • a. behavioral • b. cognitive • c. evolutionary • d. psychodynamic

6. Stacey suggests that because children are more impulsive than adults, they will have more difficulty controlling their anger. Stacey's prediction regarding anger management exemplifies • an hypothesis. • b. the hindsight bias. • c. illusory correlation. • d. the false consensus effect.

7. Which method offers the most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is boosted by caffeine consumption? • a. the survey • b. the case study • c. the experiment • d. naturalistic observation

8. In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation, alertness would be the: • a. control condition. • b. independent variable. • c. experimental condition. • d. dependent variable

9. Edward Titchener used the research method known as: • a. SQ3R. • b. psychoanalysis. • c. introspection. • d. massed practice. • e. natural selection

10. Which school of psychology was most clearly concerned with the adaptive value of complex mental processes • a Structuralism • b. behaviorism • c. psychoanalysis • d. functionalism

11. Psychological theories: • a. organize scientific observations. • b. explain observed facts. • c. generate hypotheses. • d. do all of the above.

12. Which research method runs the greatest risk of collecting evidence that may be unrepresentative of what is generally true? • a. naturalistic observation • b. the case study • c. experimentation • d. the survey

13. Surveys are most likely to indicate that reckless behavior and self-control are • a. independent variables. • b. positively correlated. • c. dependent variables. • d. negatively correlated

14. A tendency to notice and remember instances in which our premonitions of disaster are subsequently followed by harmful events is most likely to contribute to: • a. random assignment. • b. the hindsight bias. • c. illusory correlations. • d. the placebo effect.

15. Researchers control factors that might influence a dependent variable by means of: • A. random assignment. • b. replication. • c. naturalistic observation. • d. operational definitions.

16. In an experimental study of the effects of dieting on weight loss, dieting would be the: • a. control condition • b. independent variable. • c. operational definition. • d. dependent variable. • e. placebo

17. An axon transmits messages ________ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages ________ the cell body. • a. away from; toward • b. away from; away from • c. toward; away from • d. toward; toward

18. Depressed mood states are linked to ________ levels of serotonin and ________ levels of nor epinephrine. • a. low; low • b. high; high • c. low; high • d. high; low

19. A drug that blocks the reuptake of a particular neurotransmitter is called a(n): • a. opiate. • b. antagonist. • c. glutamate. • d. agonist.

20. The peripheral nervous system consists of: • a. association areas. • b. the spinal cord. • c. the reticular formation. • d. sensory and motor neurons.

21. The autonomic nervous system most directly controls: • a. speech production. • b. thinking and memory. • c. stomach contractions. • d. movement of the arms and legs.

22. Research has suggested that a reward deficiency syndrome may contribute to • a. insomnia. • b. alcoholism. • c. schizophrenia. • d. Parkinson's disease.

23. In which of the following parts of the brain would a lesion most likely result in aphasia • a. corpus callosum • b. amygdala • c. hypothalamus • d. Wernicke's area • e. cerebellum

24. Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of serotonin molecules in the: • a. axon terminals. • b. synaptic gaps. • c. glial cells. • d. endocrine glands.

25. In stressful situations, the sympathetic nervous system ________ the arteries of the circulatory system and ________ the pupils of the eyes. • a. contracts; dilates • b. dilates; contracts • c. contracts; contracts • d. dilates; dilates