ASIAN LONGHORNED BEETLE

1. ASIAN LONGHORNED BEETLE How to Identify it, Look for it, and Report it Karen Coluzzi, Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, Forestry FPOSP Training, Calais, ME 5/22/2013

2. PA Dept. Conservation and Natural Resources, Bugwood.org What is the Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB)? • Anoplophoraglabripennis(Family: Cerambycidae) • Native to China and Korea • “Longhorned Beetle” due to the long antennae • “Starry Sky Beetle” “Darth Vader Beetle”

4. What is the Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB)? • ALB is a wood boring beetle. • Small larvae feed in the cambium and sapwood disrupting flow of nutrients • Larger larvae feed deeper into the tree’s heartwood, weakening the tree’s structure. • ALB attacks healthy hardwood trees • Repeated attacks lead to weakened trees and eventually death. Dennis Haugen, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

5. How did ALB get to North America? • Solid wood packing materials (SWPM), like pallets, crates and spools, are used to transport goods from China to the U.S. • SWPMs were infested with live ALB larvae.

6. Current Infestations • ALB in North America • New York – Brooklyn (1996) • Illinois – Chicago (1998) • New Jersey – Jersey City (2002) • Toronto, Canada (2003) • New Jersey – Carteret (2004) • New York – Staten Island (2007) • New York – Prall Island (2007) • Massachusetts – Worcester (2008) • Massachusetts – Boston (2010) • Ohio – Clermont Co. (2011) ERADICATED X ERADICATED X X ERADICATED ERADICATED ERADICATED

7. http://curiouslyhealthy.blogspot.com Why is ALB a problem? • ALB attacks many hardwood tree species • Represent billions of dollars to the U.S. economy • Lumber • Wood products • Nursery stock • Maple syrup • Tourism

8. Michael Bohne, U.S. Forest Service Why is ALB a problem? • Public Safety Hazard • Trees are weakened by larval feeding in the heartwood. Ice storm Massachusetts, 2008

9. Why is ALB a problem? • Hard to Detect • No effective trap/lure • Only visual surveys – easy to miss signs • Limited Control Options • To date, no effective natural enemies • No pesticides • Non-infested trees can be protected with chemical trunk injections • Must take tree down and chip it.

10. Karen Coluzzi, Maine Dept. of Agriculture Estimated Impact in U.S. • In Urban Areas • Tree canopy cover – 35% lost • Tree mortality – 30% (=1.2 billion trees) • Economic damage • $669 billion • Decreased property values • Energy-conserving shade • Aesthetic loss Street in Worcester after tree removal

11. Estimated Impact in U.S. • In Forested Areas • Tree mortality – 30% (=71 billion trees) • Economic damage • $2 trillion • Reduced water and air quality • Ecological diversity altered • Wetlands and wildlife impacted

12. birch poplar horsechestnut willow maple mountain-ash elm Beetle Food: aka: ALB Host Trees in Maine • *Maple (including boxelder)* • Birch • Elm • Horsechestnut • Mountain-ash • Poplar • Willow

13. Larry R. Barber, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Mike Bohne, U.S. Forest Service USDA APHIS PPQ Eggs are laid individually under the bark and are the approximate size of a grain of rice. After 10-15 days, larvae hatch and bore into the tree, feeding on the cambial layer and inner bark for the first three life stages. How Does ALB Attack Trees? The adult female chews a niche into the bark of the tree in which to lay her egg. An adult male guards the female.

14. Steven Katovich, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Adults emerge leaving round, dime-sized exit holes Michael Bohne, Bugwood.org The larvae eventually bore deeper into the wood where they pupate. Michael Bohne, USDA Forest Service Dennis Haugen, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org PA DCNR - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org How Does ALB Attack Trees?

15. July - October

16. male female What does ALB look like? • Large over 1”; females larger than males • Shiny black like patent leather shoes • White markings strong alternating bands on antennae; splotches on body • Blue tingeon legs Adult Beetles

17. Black scutellum White scutellum male female female ALB Lookalikes Whitespotted Pine Sawyer Feeds on conifers – pine, spruce and fir.  Adults range from 0.75-1.25” in length.  Adults emerge in spring and can be seen all summer.

18. ALB Lookalikes Northeastern Sawyer Western Conifer Seed Bug Feeds on conifer seeds ~3/4” in length Adults enter buildings when cold Feeds on conifers 1.0 – 1.5” in length Adults emerge in spring

19. ALB Lookalikes Eyed Click Beetle Broadnecked Root Borer Serrated antennae Predatory. 1.0 – 1.8” in length. Wireworm larvae feed on woodborers. Bores into roots. 1.0 – 1.75” in length. Adults are nocturnal.

20. Patty Douglass, USDA APHIS PPQ PA DCNR - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org Symptoms of an ALB Infestation Branch Dieback and Discolored Foliage

21. Michael Bohne, US Forest Service Cracks Missing Symptoms of an ALB Infestation Bark Problems

22. Michael Bohne, US Forest Service Symptoms of an ALB Infestation Foamy Sap

23. Jenn Forman Orth, Mass. Department of Agricultural Resources Jenn Forman Orth, Mass. Department of Agricultural Resources Signs of an ALB Infestation Oviposition Sites (egg niches)

24. Michael Bohne, US Forest Service Signs of an ALB Infestation Oviposition Sites (egg niches) new old

25. Michael Bohne, US Forest Service Dennis Haugen, US Forest Service Signs of an ALB Infestation Exit (emergence) Holes

26. Signs of an ALB Infestation Exit (emergence) Holes

27. Signs of an ALB Infestation Exit (emergence) Holes vs. Sapsucker Damage

28. Signs of an ALB Infestation Frass

29. Robert A. Haack, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Kenneth R. Law, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org Michael Bohne, US Forest Service Signs of an ALB Infestation Frass

30. Signs of an ALB Infestation Frass

31. Dean Morewood, Health Canada, Bugwood.org Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org Signs of an ALB Infestation Adult Feeding Damage

32. Patty Douglass, USDA APHIS PPQ Signs of an ALB Infestation Tunnels and Galleries

33. Maine Department of Agriculture How to Look for ALB • On host trees • Look for signs and symptoms throughout the year • Look for adult beetles July – October • Binoculars are good for higher branches

34. or… if you’re equipped or brave… What the USDA Eradication Program uses to look for signs of ALB

35. Where to Look for ALB • Open landscapes • Street trees, backyards, parks, cemeteries • Right-of-ways • Roads, power lines, railroad tracks • Edges* of: • Woodlots, forests, ravines • Industrial parks!!! • Campgrounds

36. Glenn Rosenholm, US Forest Service If You Find a Suspect ALB... • Capture it • Place in a container • that can be sealed • Freeze ASAP • OR, take a picture • Collect data • Date • Location • Nearby trees or tree it was on • Your name and contact info

37. Report Your Find or Damage Signs Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry • www.albmaine.org • Division of Animal and Plant Health • 207-287-3891 • Maine Forest Service • 207-287-2431 • USDA APHIS PPQ • 207-848-5199 • ALB Hotline • 866-702-9938 Also, join our Facebook page! Maine Bug Watch

38. Outreach • Almost all new infestations have been detected by private citizens. • Trainings • Presentations • Public events • Media • Outreach also facilitates program activities and compliance with regulations once an infestation has been identified.

40. A Tale of Two Cities Worcester, MA Boston, MA ALB reported in 2008 by a public citizen Infested trees date back to 1994 110 mi2 quarantined >34,000 trees removed to date ALB reported in 2010 by a trained volunteer Infested trees date back to 2008 10 mi2 quarantined 6 trees removed to date

41. Summary • Asian longhorned beetle threatens Maine’s hardwood and urban forests. • If left unchecked, the potential economic damage from ALB is estimated at more than $600 billion dollars in the continental U.S. • We need the help of private citizens to help with early detection to stave off establishment of ALB in Maine. • Please be on the lookout andCapture and Report any suspect findings www.albmaine.org

42. Questions? www.uvm.edu/albeetle/