1 / 48

History of Diving

History of Diving. 한국잠수응급구난망 www.denkorea.co.kr 김 희 덕. Introduction. Purpose - general history of the development of military diving operations Scope - outlines the hard work and dedication of a number of individuals who were pioneers in the development of diving

rhoda
Download Presentation

History of Diving

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. History of Diving 한국잠수응급구난망 www.denkorea.co.kr 김 희 덕

  2. Introduction

  3. Purpose - general history of the development of military diving operations • Scope - outlines the hard work and dedication of a number of individuals who were pioneers in the development of diving technology

  4. Role of the ROKN - UDT / Seal - Ship maintenance, search, - Rescue & salvage operation - Inspection & reparing naval vessels - Underwater construction - Location & recovering downed aircraft

  5. Surface-Supplied Air Diving 표면공급 공기잠수

  6. Introduction -Scyllis · Perscian King, Xerxes에 의해 고용됨 · B.C. 15C · recover sunken treasure - Alexander the Great · B.C. 332 · remove obstacles in the Lebanon harbor

  7. Breathing Tubes

  8. Breathing Bag

  9. Diving Bells (잠수 종) • 15c ~18c • For hours rather than minutes • Bell-shaped apparatus with the bottom open to the sea

  10. 1690, Edmund Halley - 60 ft, 4 divers, 1.5 hours  4 hours, 66ft

  11. Diving Dress Design 1. Lethbridge’s Diving Dress

  12. 2. Deane’s Patented Diving Dress - protection from the cold - helmet with view port - hose connections for surface supplied air 3. Siebe’s Improved Diving Dress - sealed the helmet to the dress at the collar - water proof suit - exhaust valve · MK V standard deep-sea diving dress

  13. Caissons - Engineering technology

  14. Physiological Discoveries생리학적 발견 1. Caisson Disease (Decompression sickness)  감압병 - dizzy spell (일시적인 현기증) - Breathing difficulties ( 호흡곤란) - Sharp pain in the joint or abdomen (관절통 혹은 복통) - “bends”

  15. 1-1. Causes of DCS - 1878 - Paul Bert (French physiologist) - nitrogen into solution in the blood & tissues of the body (under pressure) - gas bubbles throughout the body (pressure released) - symptom 1-2. Prevention & Treatment of DCS - slowly return - recompression chamber (1879)

  16. 2. Inadequate Ventilation - J. S Haldene (English physiologist) - CO2 accumulation  inadequate ventilation - standard supply rate of flow  1.5 fpm - pumps 3. Nitrogen Narcosis (질소마취) - 150 ft - euphoric & losing judgment - anesthetic properties - Heliox

  17. Armored Diving Suits • Atmospheric Diving Suit (ADS) = 대기압 잠수복  2000 ft

  18. MK V Deep-sea Diving Dress

  19. 1905, MK V Diving Helmet • 1916, Communication system Regulating valve Relief valve Exhaust valve (1927) • 1927, Deep sea dress & umbilical • MK 12 • MK 21

  20. Scuba Diving

  21. S C U B A • SCUBA : Self –Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus • Open – Circuit Scuba • Closed – Circuit Scuba • Semiclosed – Circuit Scuba

  22. Open-circuit Scuba • Rouquayrol’s Demand Regulator • LePrieur’s Open-Circuit Scuba Design • Cousteau ND Gagnan’s Aqua-Lung • Impact of Scuba on Diving

  23. Closed-Circuit Scuba • Fleuss’ Closed-Circuit Scuba • Modern Closed-Circuit System

  24. Hazards of Using Oxygen in Scuba • 산소독성 • 1878, Paul Bert • VENTIDC (CNS toxicity) • Pulmonary toxicity

  25. Mixed – Gas Diving

  26. Introduction • Breathing medium, consist of - - N2 & O2 proportions - mixture of other inert gas (helium) with oxygen • Special training, detailed planning, specialized & advanced equipment, extensive surface support personnel & facilities • Qualified diver • Two Categories - Nonsaturation diving without pressurized bell (max. 300ft) - saturation diving (150 fsw이상, extended bottom time)

  27. Non-saturation Diving 1. Helium-Oxygen (Heliox) Diving - Physiological effects · high thermal conductivity of helium · high – pitched distortion or “Donald Duck” effect - MK V MOD 1 helmet 2. Hydrogen – Oxygen Diving - explosive character - 산소농도가 4% 이하면 폭발성이 없다 3. Modern surface – supplied Mixed – gas diving

  28. Diving Bells 1. SDC(submersible decompression chamber) - 2 men, steel, 2 opening hatches, - ventilate, gas & communication supply 2. 1931. DDC(deck decompression chamber) - mate DDC-SDC - additional space, bunk, food & clothing 3. Saturation Diving - DDS(deep diving system)

  29. Saturation Diving • Extend actual working time at depth • Submarine rescue & salvage, sea bed implantments, construction scientific testing & observation • Extensive bottom time

  30. Saturation Diving-1 1. Advantage - decompression is the most time consuming factor - 동일한 압력(수심)에 포화된 우리 인체는 해저체류 (잠수)시간에 관계없이 감압시간이 일정하다. - 200 fsw, 40 hrs  5 days at bottom pressure 2 days in decompression

  31. Saturation Diving-2 2. Bond’s Saturation Theory - 1957, NS Navy Diving Medical Officer Captain George F. Bond - The tissues of the body would eventually become saturated with inert gas if exposure time was long enough 3. Genesis Project - theory of saturation diving - animal & human experiments

  32. Saturation Diving-3 4. Developmental Testing - 1st practical open-sea demonstration Sep. 1962 by Edward A. Link & Capt. Jacques-Yves Cousteau - one man, He-O2 at 200fsw for 24hrs (Link) - two men, habitat, 33fsw for 169hrs (Cousteau) - Six men, N2-O2, 35fsw for 7 days (Cousteau) - 1964, Link & Lambertsen, 2-days, 2 men at 430fsw - seven men, 30 days at 36fsw & 90fsw with excursion dives to 330fsw

  33. Saturation Diving-4 5. Sealab Program 1) Sealabs I and II - 1963. DEC. habitat 2) Sealab III - 600fsw, habitat, NEDU, 28 He-Ox, 825fsw(1965-1968) - 1968. 825fsw, Sat depth  1,025fsw excursion diving(NEDU) - 31 ATA에서 작업가능하다는 것 증명

  34. Deep Diving Systems(DDS) Consist of - DDC(Deck decompression chamber) - PTC(Personal Transfer Capsule)

  35. Submarine Salvage & Rescue

  36. USS F-4 • 1915, Honolulu, 21 crews died • Lifting pontoons • 304 fsw, air as breathing mixture • Bottom time-10minutes • Nitrogen narcosis • Physiological problems – new breathing medium • US diving manual

  37. USS S-51 • 1925. 132fsw, Block Island, Rhode Island • 1927. Diving & Salvage School Experimental Diving Unit(NEDU)  US Navy Air Decompression Tables • Diving ability 증강하는 요인으로 작용

  38. USS S-4 • 1927. Coast guard와 충돌 • 102fsw, 22시간후에 외부접촉 • 모두 사망(공기공급, 폭풍) • LT C.B. Momsen escape lung 발명 : 1929. 26장교가 실험하여 성공

  39. USS Squalus • Mc Cann-Erickson Rescue chamber • 1939. 50명중 33명을 243fsw에서 구출 • 1st salvage operation with He-Ox

  40. USS Thresher • 핵 잠수함 • 8,400fsw, 전 승조원 사망 • 최초로 사고조사 위원회를 구성해서 침몰원인규명 - Deep Submergence Rewiew Group (DSRG) 구성 하여 Deep Submergence Systems Project  전 미해군내에 잠수 및 수중 활동에 관심 촉발 • 1972. DSRV (Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle) - 5000 fsw 까지 diving 가능 - 2500 fsw 까지 rescue 가능

  41. Salvage Diving (Salvage Operation)

  42. History • 1. 2차 세계대전 • 2. 월남전 • 3. 우리해군의 Salvage operation - 북한 반 잠수정 인양 - 150msw, saturation (He – O2) Diving

  43. Open Sea Diving Records

  44. History of Open Sea Diving Records • 1915, USN 304fsw MK V dress • 1972, MK2 MOD O DDS, 1,010fsw • 1975, MK1 DDS, 1,148fsw • 1977, French Dive Team, 1,643fsw • 1981, British divers, The deepest salvage operation 803fsw, 금괴 • 1999, 2~3. ROKN, The 1st Salvage operation with Saturation Diving, 150msw(500fsw) • 현재, 300fsw (1000fsw)이상 가능

  45. Summary

More Related