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Explore various themes such as leadership in business, optimal sequencing of reforms, institutional quality, governance, taxation challenges, labor market issues, industrial policy, RIAs, brain drain, and the Argentinean case in policy evaluation of reforms.
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Suggested areas of future research by Andrea Goldstein OECD Development Centre Madrid, 8 October 2002
The PE of reforms 1 • L-P mention “the leadership of successful businessmen” and “an individual identified with orthodox economic policies” • this was one of the ingredients of the WC -- Harberger’s handful of heros • more sophisticated frameworks still needed --> role of parties, veto players, judiciary etc
The PE of Reforms 2 • Edwards wrote about optimal sequencing of reforms in late 80s • why the message has to be endlessly repeated? • Amsden, Rodrik et al on the politics of capital market liberalization
The PE of Reforms 3 • LSSV has become the standard reference on institutional quality and governance • alternative approaches to “credibility” --> better enforcement of law is more important than the origins of legal systems • UNU World Governance Assessment Project • ADBI/OECD (Chan-Lee & Ahn)
The PE of Reforms 4 • What remains special in Costa Rica and Uruguay? • Why it remains so difficult to make the rich pay taxes?
Employment • L-P mention that “labor market rigidities will never apply to more than a small fraction of the workforce” • informality in OECD • youths difficulties in obtaining stable employment • declines in the incidence of long-term unemployment and the share of youths neither in employment nor in education • IADB Consultations • privatization and lay-offs
The Real Sector • Industrial policy and the WTO (see debate in Brazil) • more sector (supply chain analysis) and firm level studies • FDI spillovers • what role for lead firms? see Embraer, Cemex, Codelco
The Future of RIAs • A lot being done, especially on Mercosur and NAFTA • more needed on trade and inv’t linkages between LA and EU/Asia (eg supply chain analysis) • consequences of EU enlargement • what role for peer pressure mechanisms beyond FTA
Brain Drain or Brain Gain? • The region is exporting talent • where public schools still exist, LA is subsidizing “the North” • long-term positive effects in case of a return or network building processes of the emigrated Third World elites • in the presence of fair migration prospects incentive to increase inv’t in human capital • what mechanisms to turn the BD into a Brain Gain?
Joint Project w/Solimano • Case studies: many diasporas in Europe (Chileans in Swe, Argentineans in Fra & Ita, Brazilians in Por) • Surveys • Multidisciplinary approach (eg work by AnnaLee Saxenian)
Concluding remarks • Paris is global (17,276 vs 19,608) • Europe is weak in area studies • IADB & OECD DC have a rather long track-record of collaborating • last meeting in Madrid 2001, we plan something for Milan 2003