French and English Relations

1. French and English Relations 1950s and 1960s

2. Treaty of paris (1763) • French Canadians felt betrayed by the Treaty of Paris in 1763 • This treaty made them give up New France • French were only left with smaller islands • But they were allowed to keep their religion and culture

3. Canada’s first constitution 1774 • Quebec Act passed by the British parliament in 1774 = Canada’s first constitution • Increased the right of French Canadians • 1867= Quebec joined Confederation knowing that the rights of the French Canadians would be protected

4. 1. Maurice Duplessis and union nationale • Maurice Duplessis- Leader of Union Nationale in Quebec (19336-1939)(1944-1959) • Politician • Former Conservative candidate but joined the Liberals to form Union Nationale Union Nationale- supports Quebec Nationalism

5. 2. important law he passed in the 1930’s that outlawed communism • Padlock law

6. 3. the group that encouraged traditional French Canadian culture in Quebec under Union Nationale • Roman Catholic Church • Defends Quebec culture • Operated Quebec’s hospitals and schools

7. 4. the Great Darkness • Trademark: bribery and corruption • Avoiding foreign culture and influence • But encouraged foreign investments • Promised low taxes • Business companies must contribute to Union Nationale • Orphaned children= mentally ill • Moved into asylums (protected shelters funded by the government)

8. 5. Flag debate and its impacts on French and English relations • Flag debate- debate on how the Canadian flag should look like • Pearson decided to have a different flag so “it’s not too British” • English Canadians wanted to keep Red Ensign • French wanted a new flag • Result: tension between French and English thus splits Canada • February 15, 1965- Canada’s new flag was raised Red Ensign

9. 6. John Lesage (1960’s) • Liberal leader in Quebec • Slogan: “Time for a Change” • Abolish corruption

10. 7. The quiet revolution • No violence- a period of rapid change and reform • Goal: to modernize Quebec ‘s economy, politics, education and culture • Took control of social services and education system • More science and technology courses • Encouraged Quebecois to think of themselves as citizens of the 20th century • Roman Catholic Church influence= declined The Quiet Revolution

11. 8. liberal’s motto • “Maitres chez nous” or “Masters in our own house” • Control Quebec’s own economy • Government bought several hydro companies and turned them into a provincially owned company, “Hydro- Quebec.”

12. 9. The “bi-bi commission” • Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism • Appointed to investigate solutions 10. The recommendations • Make Canada a bilingual nation • French and English as official languages

13. 11. Official languages act (1969) • Passed by Pierre Trudeau in 1969 • Made Canada officially bilingual • French and English as the official languages • Federal government agencies must provide services in both languages • Would help for parents who were French to let their children attend schools that serve their language • Providing funds would help build a connection between English and French