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Contraception

This guide explores four primary types of contraception: Barrier, Chemical, Permanent, and Natural methods. Barrier methods, like condoms and diaphragms, physically block sperm. Chemical methods, such as birth control pills and IUDs, prevent ovulation or destroy sperm. Permanent options like tubal ligation or vasectomy surgically prevent pregnancy. Natural methods rely on understanding the body's fertility signals. Each method's effectiveness, usage, and specifics are detailed to aid informed family planning decisions.

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Contraception

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  1. Contraception

  2. Four Types of Contraception • Barrier – stops sperm from entering uterus • Chemical – stops a woman from ovulating, or kills sperm • Permanent – surgically alter the body to prevent pregnancy • Natural – does not use artificial ways to prevent pregnancy; uses knowledge of human body

  3. Condoms • Barrier • Only effective way to prevent STIs • 85% effective • Both male and female products • Easy access to products • Use once

  4. Diaphragm • Barrier • 85% effective • Female inserts into vagina • Should add spermacide • Remove after 6 hours

  5. Cervical Cap • Barrier • 85% effective • Female inserts into vagina • Fitted by doctor • Should use spermacide • Remove after 8 hours • Similar to Diaphragm

  6. Sponge • Barrier • 85% effective • Female inserts into vagina • Contains spermacide • Easy to access product • Good for 24 hours

  7. Spermacide • Chemical • 70% Effective • Woman sprays foam or gel into vagina • Traps and kills sperm • Use with other methods

  8. Birth Control Pill • Chemical • **99% Effective • Female takes 1 pill/day • Uses hormones estrogen and progesterone to stop ovulation.

  9. Depo – Provera • Chemical • 99% Effective • Shot of progesterone in the arm, thigh, or buttocks • Good for 3 months • Lunelle similar – good for 1 month

  10. Norplant • Chemical • 99% Effective • Inserted under skin inside arm • Releases progesterone to stop ovulation • Good for 5 years • Must be surgically removed to become pregnant

  11. Nuva Ring • Chemical • Ring inserted into vagina • Releases estrogen and progesterone to stop ovulation • Good for one month

  12. IUD – Intrauterine Device • Chemical • 99% effective • T-shaped device inserted into uterus • Made of copper or plastic • Releases progesterone to stop ovulation • Changes uterine lining • Not recommended for woman with no children

  13. Permanent Methods • Tubal Ligation – Fallopian Tubes cut and tied • Prevents eggs from reaching uterus • Vasectomy – Vas Deferens cut • Sperm cannot combine with Semen – makes travel difficult

  14. Natural Methods • Rhythm – abstain from sex during ovulation • 75% • Woman must be committed and know body signs of fertility • Woman must have regular menstrual cycles • Withdrawal – penis is removed before ejaculation • 75% • takes control • some sperm may be released before ejaculation

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