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Human Service and Social Policy

HN 300 Unit 8 Seminar Implementing Human Services Madelyn Harvey, PhD. Human Service and Social Policy. Slides developed by David H. Johnson Millersville University of Pennsylvania.

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Human Service and Social Policy

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  1. HN 300 Unit 8 Seminar Implementing Human Services Madelyn Harvey, PhD Human Service and Social Policy

  2. Slides developed by David H. Johnson Millersville University of Pennsylvania Chapter 10Providing Social ServicesHelp for Children, Older Americans, and Individuals with Mental and Substance Use Disorders

  3. Social Services in the United States • Services for individuals, families, groups, and communities • Five types of organizations: • Public Agencies • Private Not-for-Profit Corporations • Private Not-for-Profit Corporations • Self-help Groups • Religious Organizations

  4. Social Service Development • Social Security Act of 1935 • Social Services Block Grants • Other Block Grants • Growth of Private Social Service Agencies for middle- and upper-class groups

  5. History of Child Welfare Policy • Children’s Aid Society • Children’s Home Society • Mary Ellen case (1874) • Child maltreatment: abuse and neglect

  6. Major Child Protection Legislation • White House Conference on Children (1909) • Children’s Bureau (1912) • Social Security Act of 1935 • AFDC-Foster Care (1961) • Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974 (CAPTA) • Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (ICWA) • Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008

  7. Foster Care and Adoption • As of September, 2006, children in substitute care: 439,000 • Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 (permanency planning law) required reasonable efforts prevent removal and placement of children in “least restrictive setting” close to parent’s home

  8. Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) • Safety and permanence paramount • Offered bonuses to states for increasing numbers of adoptions • Shortened timeline for filing termination of parental rights and timeframe for permanency hearing • Clarified “reasonable efforts” requirements

  9. Foster Care Independence Act of 1999 • For youth age 18-21 transitioning from foster care to independent living; this Act offers financial and housing assistance, counseling, and other supportive services • Doubled federal spending for independent living programs

  10. Selected Controversial Issues in Child Welfare • Transracial adoptions • Focus on prevention • Preparation of child welfare workforce • Lack of funding for child welfare system

  11. The Future of Child Welfare Policy • Calls for a White House Conference on Children and Youth • Calls for expansion of healthcare to all children

  12. Social Servicesfor Older Americans • Older Americans Act of 1965 • National Family Caregiver Support Program • Aging Network • Federal: Administration on Aging (DHHS) • State: Office varies from state to state • Local/Regional: Area Agencies on Aging

  13. Services Provided to Older Americans • Meals on Wheels • Senior centers (meals and socialization) • Transportation • Homemaker and chore services • Legal counseling • Home repair and renovation • Shopping, visitation, and telephone assurance

  14. Protective Servicesfor Older Americans • Abuse and “self-abuse” • National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA) • Guardianship or conservatorship for persons unable to make decisions for themselves

  15. Nursing Home Reform • Nursing Home Reform Act of 1987 mandated regular evaluation of patient care plans, reduced use of physical restraints, and ensured greater protections of patients’ rights • Some homes still guilty of abuse and violation of care procedures

  16. Brief History of Response to Mental Illness • Phillipe Pinel and “moral treatment” • Dorothea Dix • Effects of Industrial Revolution • Clifford Beers’ “mental hygiene movement” • Mental Health Act of 1946 • Mental Health and Community Mental Health Center Construction Act of 1963

  17. Mental Health Disorders • Continuum from mental health to mental illness • NIMH’s major categories of mental disorders: • Mood disorders • Schizophrenia • Anxiety disorders • Eating disorders • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Autism • Alzheimer’s Disease

  18. Prevalence • National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) found about one-fourth of U.S. population over age 18 experienced a mental illness in the last year • 45 percent of those with one mental disorder met the criteria for two or more disorders • About 23 million (9 percent) aged 12 or older are dependent upon or abused alcohol or drugs during the past year*

  19. Treatment for Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders • Accounts for about 7.5 percent of nation’s healthcare spending • Public funds pay for 61 percent of treatment • Mental Health Parity Act of 1996 • Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 – takes effect July 1, 2010

  20. The War on Drug Addicts • Reagan: Office of National Drug Control Policy (Nancy Reagan’s “Just Say No”) • Focus and funding more on law enforcement than on treatment • U.S. leads the world in incarceration rates for drug use • Drug courts have had some success in bridging the gap to treatment

  21. Discussion Questions • Questions or comments about child welfare policies and policies for the mentally ill and the aging population?

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