Middle East Culture: Religion, Government, and History

1. Bell Ringer/Journal #1: Journal 1 – What do you think when the Middle East is mentioned? What do you know about the culture of the Middle East? Where is the Middle East?

2. September 22 Unit 2: The Middle East Students will examine the religion, culture, government, economics, and geography of the Middle East. They will go on to study the history of Muhammad as well as two major groups within the Islamic religion and the impact these two groups have had on the culture of the area. • Crash Course and Discussion • Notes over Muhammad • Middle East Vocabulary and terms • Finish Middle East Map

3. Middle East

4. Middle East • Includes South West Asia and North of the Sahara Desertin Africa • It is a united region due to its Climate, Religion, Language, and Economics…

5. Original Religion and Culture • Abraham and his son Ishmael built the Kaaba • Tribes were animistic andpolytheistic • Temperatures up to 129 ºF and only 2 - 4 inches of rainfall • Tribes defended trade routes, family, and water Pre-Muhammad’s World • Mecca had become an established and vibrant center for trade • Rich mixture – Christians, Jews, and Arabs of the desert

6. Life of Muhammad • Born in Mecca in 570 AD • Orphan at 6years old • Raised by his grandfather and a group of Bedouins • Uncle Abu Taalib took him in • He was taught to be an expert in trade • Married Khadija, a wealthy widow, in 595 C.E. • Did not like the polytheistic belief system around him • In 610 received a revelation from the Angel Gabrielle • Quran is the record of his words

7. Life of Muhammad • Not nationality or tribe but faith matters now • No longer poor vs. rich, now everybody is equal • Muhammad - Miracle is the beauty of my message • Mecca became divided • In 622 he fled to Medina. • In 629 he returned to conquer Mecca • By 630 Islam was dominant in Mecca • In 632 Muhammad died in Medina

8. 5 Pillars of Islamic Faith • Shahadah or Faith : Declaring there is no god except God and Muhammad is God's Messenger • Salah or Prayer: Ritual prayer five times a day • Sawm or Fasting: Fasting (not eating) and self-control during the blessed month of Ramadan • Zakat or Alms Giving: Giving 2.5% of one’s savings to the poor and needy • Hajj: Pilgrimage (trip) to Mecca at least once in a lifetime if he or she is able to do

9. Muslim Beliefs • One and Incomparable God • The Angels were created by Him • Day of Judgment and individual accountability for actions • God's complete authority over human destiny and in life after death • God's final message to man was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel • The prophets through whom His revelations were brought to mankind • Adam, Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Job, Moses, Aaron, David, Solomon, Elias, Jonah, John the Baptist, and Jesus

10. Quran Quotes None of you truly believes until he wishes for his brother what he wishes for himself. He who eats his fill while his neighbor goes without food is not a believer. Powerful is not he who knocks the other down, indeed powerful is he who controls himself in a fit of anger. God does not judge according to your bodies and appearances but He scans your hearts and looks into your deeds.

11. Bell Ringer/Journal #2 Who was Muhammad? What were some things about his life that we discussed during our last class? Any questions?

12. September 24 The students will continue to discover and examine the culture and lifestyles of the Middle East. They will be introduced to the Sunni vs. Shi’a debate, the five pillars of faith, and the world’s largest pilgrimage. • Bell Ringer #2 • CNN Student News • Sunni vs. Shia (shite) notes • The World's Largest Pilgrimage - Hajj Documentary • What are the seven things a Muslim is supposed to do on their journey • Write your answers on the back of your vocabulary and we will discuss. Maps are due. • Vocabulary needs to be done.

13. Sunni vs. Shi'a • In 632, Muhammad died unexpectedly • Muslim’s were divided over who would succeed him • Sunnis • 85% of Muslims • Allow the council elders to choose • First Caliph: Abu Bakr • Shi’a • 15% of all Muslims • Believed Ali AbiTalib, Muhammad's cousin and son in law, was to be the next leader

14. Sunni vs. Shi'a

15. It was brought about by who should lead Islam • Muhammad never had a son • Closest male relative was cousin named Ali • Many felt he was the only one with spiritual authority to succeed Muhammad. • They became the Shiite (Shia) Moslems Shiite (Shia) vs. Sunni Moslems

16. Sunni's believed that power should go to the one who had the most political power at the time. Muhammad's father in law Abu Bakr • Bakr was named the first leader, but Ali assumed the position 25 years later • Ali was later assassinated by the Sunnis. • Both believe in Mohammad, The Koran, The Five Pillars of Faith, and Mecca as the most holy city. More information

17. Ali's son Hussein and many in his family was assassinated • He had challenged the Sunni corrupt leadership • This became sacred to the Shiites as they felt he sacrificed himself for all Moslems • Even though they have lived side by side for years there has always been tension Breaking Point

18. 80-90% of Moslems are Sunni • 10-20% are Shia mostly located in Iran/Iraq • Al Qaeda is a group of radical Sunni Moslems • Suicide bombing is done by a small minority of mostly Sunni's (Al Qaeda) • Iraq seems to be the center of this divide Facts

19. In Islam the ______________ is considered to be the sacred text. +

20. The prophet of Islam is ________________.

21. The deity of Islam is known as _____________.

22. Islam is primarily practiced in which region of the world?

23. What is now considered the holy city for Muslims?

24. Islam is a religion in which the members worship in a _________.

25. The location of ________ is most responsible for the population distribution in the Middle East.

26. Baghdad and the Suez Canal are located in which region?

27. What city is considered holy by Jews, Muslims and Christians?

28. Muslims aspire to follow the five _______ ___ ______.

29. One of the five pillars of faith that all Muslims must do is to ___________

30. Another one of the five pillars of faith is ____________.

31. One of the five pillars of faith is to_____________.

32. One of the five pillars of faith is to go on a ________________ to Mecca once in your lifetime, if you can afford it.

33. Which minority group is struggling for a homeland and self-rule in Israel?

34. The __________ ___________ ___________ was created to establish a homeland for Palestinian Arabs.

35. An international corporation concerned with regulating oil prices.

36. The _______ ________ is an international organization created to maintain diplomatic relationships and promote cooperation among nations. New York City Ban Ki Moon

37. The ______ _______ and the _______ __________are located in the Middle East.

38. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers are located in which country and which region?

39. Minority groups, such as the Palestinians and Israelis major goal is to obtain self-rule and economic control of their _____________.

40. What do the letters NAFTA stand for?

41. The _________ ___________ _________ was created to liberalize trade, negotiate trade agreements, and settle trade disputes between its member nations

42. Journal/Bell Ringer #3 • 9-28-15 Journal 3 – What are the two divisions in Islam? Why is there a division? What are the five pillars of faith? What is an International Organization?

43. 9-28-15 The students will be introduced to many of the world’s international organizations and they will recognize what these organizations do. The students will be able to define what an international organization is and identify how these organizations affect the world. The students will explore the origins of the Israeli and Palestinian conflict and discover why it continues to be a problem in today’s world. • Journal/Bell Ringer #4. Learning outcomes. Number 1-10 • CNN Student News and discussion • International Organizations Notes • Homework: Facts and fun facts over the Middle East

44. International Organizations

45. United nations • Abbreviation: U.N. • Formed in 1945 after WWII • Created to prevent future world wars and provide a platform for dialogue between nations • There are currently 193 members • Headquartered in New York City

46. World Trade organization • Abbreviation: W.T.O. • Formed in 1995 • Created to liberalize trade, negotiate trade agreements, and settle trade disputes between its member nations • There are currently 160 members • Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

47. North American Free Trade Agreement • Abbreviation: N.A.F.T.A. • Signed into U.S. law by Bill Clinton and took effect on January 1st, 1994. • Trilateral trade bloc created by the governments of Canada, the United States and Mexico • Purpose: To remove trade barriers and encourage investment between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico

48. Palestinian Liberation Organization • Abbreviation: P.L.O. • Formed in May 1964 • Created by 422 Palestinians to oppose Israeli occupation of Palestine and create an independent nation for Palestinians • Led by Yasser Arafat, who in 1993, officially recognized the legitimacy of Israel • Arafat died in 2004 and was succeeded by Mahmoud Abbas as President of Palestine

49. hamas • Arabic acronym that means “Islamic Resistance Movement.” • Formed in 1987 by Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood • Responsible for Israel-targeted attacks and shootings. • Successful in the 2006 Palestinian parliamentary elections, taking 76 of the 132 seats in the chamber. • Considered a terrorist organization by Canada, the European Union, Israel, Japan,and the United States

50. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries • Abbreviation: O.P.E.C. • Formed in September 1960 • Created to regulate the supply of oil that was being exported to countries around the world. Originally formed to ensure a fair price on their product • Currently made up of 12 countries: 6 in the middle east, 4 in Africa, and 2 in South America • Headquartered in Vienna, Austria