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Philippine Nuclear Research Institute

Philippine Nuclear Research Institute. DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. Monitoring of PM2.5 and PM10 in Metro Manila Flora L. Santos, Preciosa B. Pabroa, Luz V. Esguerra, Rosalina V. Almoneda Joseph Michael Racho and Raymond Sucgang Analytical Measurements Research Section

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Philippine Nuclear Research Institute

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  1. Philippine Nuclear Research Institute DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Monitoring of PM2.5 and PM10 in Metro Manila Flora L. Santos, Preciosa B. Pabroa, Luz V. Esguerra, Rosalina V. Almoneda Joseph Michael Racho and Raymond Sucgang Analytical Measurements Research Section Email: flsantos@pnri.dost.gov.ph

  2. The PNRI • An R&D institute of the DOST • Its dual mandate: • Promotes the peaceful applications of nuclear energy through R&D, nuclear services and training • Regulates the safe utilization of radioisotopes

  3. The PNRI Organization

  4. Analytical Measurements Research Section - Functions • To provide services using nuclear and related analytical techniques to meet local needs • To undertake researches on applications of nuclear and related analytical techniques

  5. Metro Manila Air Pollutant Characterization and Source Identification – a PNRI project in support of the Clean Air Act • Objectives: • To determine the major sources of particulate pollution at selected study areas. • To generate data useful for air quality management. Principal project end users are government entities responsible for air quality management.

  6. Airborne particulate matter - is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in air, ranging up to 100 microns.

  7. Size distribution of APM From D. Cohen, ANSTO

  8. Methodology • Sample collection using the gent sampler, twice weekly on Wednesday and Sunday • Multielement analysis by XRF spectrometry or equivalent technique (IBA); Black C analysis by reflectommetry • Data analysis and pollutant source apportionment

  9. La Mesa Dam (11/96 – 2/98) Valenzuela, 2/04 to date Ateneo de Manila University (7/96 – 10/97,10/98 - date) University of Sto. Tomas (3/99-1/00; 4-10/00; 2-9/02) Vista Verde Homes, Cainta (1- 7/97) Poveda Learning Center (10/01 to date) NAMRIA, (03/04 to date) PNRI air monitoring stations Map of Metro Manila air shed from www.hangin.org

  10. The Gent sampler

  11. Manila Observatory, Ateneo de Manila University

  12. Valenzuela

  13. NAMRIA compound

  14. Analysis of air filters using a secondary target XRF spectrometer • Parameters for air filter analysis • Ti secondary target at 10 kV and 3 mA • Ge secondary target at 30 kV and 3 mA • Zr secondary target at 45 kV and 3 mA PNRI KEVEX 771 XRF spectrometer

  15. XRF spectrashow higher Ca and Si peaks in the coarse fraction and higher S peak in the fine fraction.

  16. XRF spectra obtained with a Zr secondary target show peaks for elements with a higher atomic number.

  17. Major accomplishments • Generation of the first local long-term PM2.2 and PM10 data for Metro Manila dating back to 1996 – contributed data to the first National Air Quality Status Report, 2002. • Generation of particulate composition data including Black C levels, dating back to 1998 • Source identification and apportionment • Documentation of reduction of ambient Pb levels as influenced by government policies • Documentation of arrival of haze from Indonesian forest fires in 1997 • Development of specialized facilities for air particulate monitoring and characterization

  18. Trends derived from PNRI particulate data

  19. Annual summary data for the fine fraction for ADMU show a drastic decrease in conc. in 1998. A slight increase is noted in 2002 and 2003.

  20. Annual summary data for PM10 for ADMU show a similar trend – drastic decrease in levels in 1998 and an increase after 2001.

  21. Annual summary data for the Poveda Learning Center indicate a decrease in levels of the fine fraction in 2004.

  22. Annual summary data for the Poveda Learning Center show little variation in PM10 levels for 2001-2004.

  23. Comparison of fine particulate levels in 3 Metro Manila stations (2004). Valenzuela with highest PM2.5 value is an industrial site.

  24. Comparison of PM10 levels in 3 Metro Manila stations (2004). Difference in PM10 levels is not significant.

  25. Monthly summary data for Ateneo de Manila University Campus (6/96 – 10/97; 10/98 – 12/02) show lower mean values during rainy months. Data are generally within 24-hour standard of the USEPA. Close examination of values indicates exceedance of the long term standard of 15 ug/cu m. Health implications need to be examined. Long term standard PM2.5

  26. Pollutant source composition for the fine fraction Aged salt Biomass burning 2-stroke engine- Black C with Zn and Pb Soil Oil burning – Black C, S, Ni Black C –Br,Cl fraction

  27. PMF Source apportionment of the fine fraction

  28. Pollutant source composition for the coarse fraction Vehicular – Pb, Zn,S Soil-cement Salt Sulfur fraction Soil-tire wear

  29. Source apportionment of the coarse fraction using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)

  30. Current activities and future plans • Air pollution source apportionment at 3 ETI-EMB stations in Metro Manila. Metro Manila studies only until the end of 2006. Contract researches will be pursued • Pollution source apportionment in the vicinity of fossil-fueled power plant (With IAEA assistance starting 2005, OC-EC analyzer will be acquired) • Air pollution source apportionment in other cities (Collaborative study being worked out with DOST XI and the UIC. Local resources will be tapped.)

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