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Overview of Major World Religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Confucianism

This article provides a concise overview of major world religions, focusing on Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Confucianism. It explores their origins, beliefs, sacred texts, practices, and perspectives on life and afterlife. Hinduism emphasizes the divine in many forms and the pursuit of enlightenment through yoga and meditation. Buddhism teaches the path to enlightenment through overcoming suffering. Sikhism combines devotion to one God with service and equality. Confucianism values social harmony and fulfilling one's role in society.

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Overview of Major World Religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Confucianism

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  1. HINDUISM

  2. Followers Called: Hindus Symbol: Aum or Om % of World Population: 13.33% # of adherents 900 Million

  3. Origins & History: Indigenous (native) religion Where Found?: India

  4. henotheistic – one deity (Brahman) with many forms. Deity & Universe: Sacred Writing: Vedas & Bhagavad Gita

  5. Human Situation & Life's Purpose: Humans are slaves to ignorance, but are able to escape. Purpose is to gain release from rebirth, or at least gain a better rebirth. Afterlife: Reincarnation until reach enlightenment

  6. Practices and Rituals: • Yoga • Meditation • worship (puja) • devotion to a god or goddess • pilgrimage to holy cities • live according to one's dharma (purpose/ role).

  7. Chinese Indigenous

  8. Followers Called: Symbol: Yin - yang 6.27% 394 million % of World Population: # of adherents

  9. Indigenous (native) religion of China Origins & History: Where Found?: China

  10. Deity & Universe: Yin - yang; mythological beings, and folk deities Sacred Writing: None Human Situation & Life's Purpose: Purpose is a good life and peaceful afterlife found through rituals and honoring of ancestors

  11. Judgment, then reincarnation or temporary hell until gain paradise Afterlife: Practices and Rituals: • Ancestor worship, prayer, longevity practices, divination, prophecy and astrology, feng shui

  12. BUDDHISM

  13. Followers Called: Buddhists 8 Spoke Wheel / Wheel of Law Symbol: % of World Population: 5.87% # of adherents 360 Million

  14. Origins & History: Siddhartha Gautama - Buddha in 520 BCE – NE India Where Found?: Mongolia, Southeast Asia, China and Japan

  15. Deity & Universe: Buddha taught that nothing is permanent Sacred Writing: • Tripitaka (Pali Canon); Mahayana Sutras such as the Lotus Sutra; others

  16. Human Situation & Life's Purpose: Purpose is to avoid suffering and gain enlightenment - release from cycle of rebirth, or at least attain a better rebirth by gaining merit. Afterlife: Nirvana - Enlightenment

  17. Practices and Rituals: • Meditation • Mantras (ritual chanting) • devotion to deities (in some sects)

  18. Pictures:

  19. SIKHISM

  20. Sikhs (pronounced Seeks) Followers Called: Symbol: Khanda .39% 23 million % of World Population: # of adherents

  21. Guru Nanak, c. 1500 AD, Punjab, India. Origins & History: Where Found?: Kashmir and Punjab

  22. Henotheistic - Only one God in many forms. God: (Ik Onkar or Nam) Deity & Universe: Sacred Writing: Adi Granth written in Gurumukhi (language created by Guru Nanak)

  23. Human Situation & Life's Purpose: Overcome the self. Align life with will of God and become a "saint soldier,“ fighting for good Reincarnation until resolve karma and merge with God Afterlife:

  24. Practices and Rituals: • Prayer and meditation on God's name • services at temple (gurdwara) • Wear - turban and five Ks: • (Kesa – long hair, kangah – comb, kacha – short pants, kara – metal bracelet, and Kirpan – ceremonial dagger) • Balance work, worship, and charity

  25. Pictures:

  26. CONFUCIANISM

  27. Followers Called: Confucians Symbol: Water symbol % of World Population: .10% # of adherents 5-6 Million

  28. Kung Fu Tzu / Confucius in 551-479 BCE - China Origins & History: Where Found?: China and Koreas

  29. Deity & Universe none – way of life - not religion x Sacred Writing: The Analects of Confucius

  30. Human Situation and Life's Purpose: Purpose in life is to fulfill one’s role in society with dignity, honor, and loyalty Not addressed Afterlife:

  31. Practices and Rituals: • Honesty, politeness, dignity, and humanity • Perform correct role in society • Loyal to family and nation

  32. Pictures:

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