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Extreme Conditions Physics: Data, Analysis & Model Development for Gun Technology

Support a world-class experimental effort focused on physics at extreme conditions. Provide high-quality data, analysis, and model development for directed stockpile programs, joint munitions programs, and defense and security departments.

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Extreme Conditions Physics: Data, Analysis & Model Development for Gun Technology

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  1. WX – 9 GUN WORKING GROUP TEAM MEMBERS Brian Bartram, Mark Byers, Steve DiMarino, Jim Esparza, Lee Gibson, Rick Gustavsen, Ben Hollowell, Ruben Manzanares, Bob Mier, John Morris, Chuck Owens, Adam Pacheco, Tim Pierce, Ramon Saavedra and Larry Vaughan LA-UR-13-24501

  2. Mission Statement Support world class experimental effort focused on physics at extreme conditions • Provide high quality data, analysis and model development to: • Directed stockpile (NNSA Programs) 65 % • Joint Munitions Program • Department of Defense (WFO, ONR, etc.) • Department of Homeland Security • AWE, CEA • External companies (TT) • Ensure personnel safety is paramount • Ensure constant readiness of equipment and facilities • Develop high efficiency proactive maintenance program (living document) • Work towards improvement of gun technology • Promote technical knowledge transfer.

  3. Motivation (room for improvement) • Off normal events at LANL • 40mm catch tank, large bore powder gun, Residual pressure in 2-stage AR, Hydraulic pumps, gun control system • Off normal events elsewhere (lessons learned) • SNL, LLNL, NTS, . . . • Technical knowledge transfer • Key personnel at 2 stage gun facilities • Inventory • Prevent unanticipated shutdowns and delays • Documentation • Engineering diagrams/drawings, equipment manuals, operating procedures, software documentation • Need for material and design pedigree • W-14

  4. Investing in our future • Collaborations • Sandia’s gun facility • LLNL • JASPER facility at the Nevada Test Site • John Glenn NASA facility in Cleveland • NASA White Sands • AEDC (Arnold Air Force Base), Jack Daniels Distillery? • Internal Peer reviews of IWD and Procedure for all WX-9 Guns • External peer review with LLNL including walk down at TA39-69 • Cross Training at Chamber 9 (expand training to B69) • Interior Ballistics course (Carmel CA) • Major maintenance on the ARLGG • Major TA39-56 Gas Gun rebuild and upgrade • Catch System (fire mitigation) • Control, Interlock and Pressure System • Participating in Aero-ballistic Range Association meetings • Chamber 9 upgrades • Floor support structure • Control system

  5. Experimental Capability (diversity for customer needs) • 72mm Gas Gun at TA 40-9 • 50mm Two-Stage Gas Gun at TA 40-9 • 40mm Powder Gun at TA39-69 • 28mm Two-Stage Powder Gun at TA39-69 (ARLGG) • 51mm Gas Gun at TA39-56 • 41mm Powder or Gas Gun at TA55 • 12.5mm (50 Cal.) Gas Gun at Argonne • 12.5mm (50 Cal.) Powder Gun at TA 40-8 • 40 mm Powder Gun that is mobile • 41 mm Powder Gun that is mobile • LANL Future Involvement • PRAD gun, MST single stage, MST low pressure

  6. Experimental Capability (diversity for customer needs) • TA 40-9 Single Stage Gas Gun (Explosives, Polymers, Organics, Liquids) • Performance - 72mm, 80 m/sec to 1.5 km/sec, Helium breech • Diagnostics – In-situ magnetic gauges, VISAR, PDV, PZT pins, Diodes for velocity/triggering, ORVIS, streak cameras, Raman spectroscopy • Two-Stage Gas Gun at TA 40-9 (Insensitive high explosives) • Performance - 50mm, 600 m/sec to 3.6 km/sec, Helium in breech and pump tube • Diagnostics – In-situ magnetic gauges, VISAR, PDV, PZT pins, Diodes for velocity/triggering, ORVIS, streak cameras, Raman spectroscopy • Other - second breech that can be used with propellant

  7. Experimental Capability (diversity for customer needs) • Powder Gun at TA39-69 (Metal EOS, DU) • Performance - 40mm, 200 m/sec to 1.9 km/sec, propellant driven • Diagnostics – PDV, VISAR, Dynamic X-Ray • Two-Stage Powder Gun at TA39-69 (High Pressure EOS, DU) • Performance – 28mm,1.7 km/sec to 7 km/sec (5 Mbar), propellant driven, He or H2 1st stage • Diagnostics – PDV, VISAR • Gas Gun at TA39-56 (Low Pressure EOS, compaction, strength, DU, lead) • Performance – 51mm, 80 m/sec to 900 m/sec, Helium or Argon • Diagnostics – PDV, VISAR

  8. Experimental Capability (diversity for customer needs) • Powder or Gas Gun at TA55 (Trans-uranics, Metal EOS) • Performance - 41mm, 150 m/sec to 1.5 km/sec • Diagnostics – VISAR, PDV • IMPULSE Mini Gas Gun at Argonne (Coupling to light sources) • Performance - 50 Cal., 100 m/sec to 1.4 km/sec • Diagnostics – X-ray, PDV, VISAR • Powder Gun at TA 40-8 (Ballistics special applications, soon to be in service) • Performance - 50 Cal., expected velocity range is 870 m/sec to 930 m/sec • Diagnostics - VISAR, PDV, Streak Camera, High Speed Framing and Phantom Camera • Mobile Powder Gun (PRAD, special applications at firing sites) • Performance – 40mm, propellant driven • Diagnostics – VISAR, PDV, Other • Mobile Powder Gun (TA55 qualifying) • Performance – 41 mm, propellant driven • Diagnostics – VISAR, PDV, Other

  9. Observed Benefits • Better working relationship between technicians and staff members • Increased communication between technicians • Improved documentation (formalized engineering documentation) • material specifications • Testing history • Component pedigree • Increased efficiency • Increased awareness and less complacency • Developed the capability to measure breech pressure on the 2-Stage Powder Gun. • Developed the capability to measure Piston velocity on the 2-Stage Powder Gun. • Enhanced maintenance scheduling and planning. • Improved operating procedure for the 2-Stage Powder Gun. • Team members have increased knowledge of our gun systems. • Elimination of many safety hazards. • Assessment of gun performance via several gun codes • Four codes are being used to assess/understand gun operation

  10. TA39-56 Gas Gun

  11. Future Goals • Improved Shock physics capability for the Nation • Reliability, responsiveness, and versatility • Gain recognition as a complex wide resource regarding gun ops • SME responders for safety significant and off normal events • Expertise in gas gun operation • Support the development of future gun designs (e.g. Mini Gun) • Consolidation of gun capability to TA40 (from TA39) • New gun building facility (DEOS) • Increase involvement in national/international shock physics communities (ARA, HVIS, APS, . . .) • Solicit collaboration and participation from gun users throughout LANL and DOE complex

  12. Metals shock physics focus areas include EOS, damage, phase transformations, and powder compaction. • EOS data for metals • Solid-solid and solid-liquid phase transitions • Kinetics of phase transitions • Pyrometry for shocked temperatures • Dynamic compaction and damage • Solid metals – grain effects and loading conditions • Granular materials (metallic oxides) • Diagnostic development • Radiometry, Reflectometry, IR imaging, dynamic XRD and PCI • LBPG • 40 mm powder gun • ARLGG

  13. Expertise at Chamber 9 is focused on explosives initiation, organic material EOS, shock-driven chemistry, and diagnostic development. • Sole data for reactive burn model development at LANL & AWE • Numerous EOS for weapons materials and replacements, supporting LEPs and new concepts • Small-scale integrated experiments • LDRD funding over last 5 years • Unique diagnostic in U.S. – electromagnetic gauging • Two-stage large bore gas gun • Two stage gas gun (ca. 1991) • 15,000 psi He • <1 km/s to 3.6 km/s • 2” diameter launch tube • Designed for PBX 9502 initiation • Single stage gas gun (ca. 1970s) • He/Ar, WAB or DD • <0.1 km/s to 1.5 km/s • ~3” diameter launch tube • Established reactive burn in PBX 9501 FY12 Funding Profile: $5M+ • NNSA DP ~$2M+ • NNSA Other ~$1.5M • LDRD $1.6M • DoD $0.6M • DHS $0.3M • JASPER, DPE

  14. Opportunities and challenges WX-9 is continuing to drive dynamic compression science for the Nation. • Time-resolved diagnostics coupled to shock drives • X-ray diffraction and phase contrast imaging at Advanced Photon Source • Raman and absorption spectroscopies on guns and laser drive platforms • Spatially-resolved velocimetry (ORVIS, mPDV, line VISAR) • Dynamic diamond anvil cell experiments at intermediate strain rates • Non-1D, long time duration experiments on explosives • Flexible shock drive platforms • Large bore, high velocities • Complex samples and loading conditions • Powders, gases, liquid and “deadened” explosives, weapons materials • Isentropic compression at Sandia Z machine • Off-Hugoniot, double shock, shock-release (reshock) Challenges include: • Maintenance of complex systems and anticipation of component replacement • Long-term staffing of complex operations • Programmatic drive to pay by number of shots

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