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Adv Biology

Adv Biology. Chapter 4 Cells. Microscope. The biologist’s tool is the microscope Until developed, only the single egg had been observed Hooke looked at dead plant bark, cork, and it reminded him of rooms in a monastery and he called them cells

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Adv Biology

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  1. Adv Biology Chapter 4 Cells

  2. Microscope • The biologist’s tool is the microscope • Until developed, only the single egg had been observed • Hooke looked at dead plant bark, cork, and it reminded him of rooms in a monastery and he called them cells • Later we would learn that what he saw was the cellulose cell walls of plant cells

  3. Microscopes have come a long way!!

  4. 1) first to use the term "protoplasm"2) while studying cork, he was the first to use the term "cell"3) stated that all new cells come from other living cells4) studied many microscopic organisms using a strong simple microscope5) stated that all plants are composed of cells6) stated that all animals are composed of cells7) "discovered" the nucleus

  5. Answers to "Cell Scientists Matching" : 1) J. Purkinje2) R. Hooke3) R. Virchow4) A. von Leeuwenhoek5) M. Schleiden6) M. Schwann 7) R. Brown

  6. Cell Theory 1. all living things are made up of cells & the products of those cells 2. all cells carry out their own life functions 3. new cells come from other living cells

  7. Cell Theory • #1 & 2 are primarily a combo of Schleiden & Schwann's research, & statement #3 is Virchow's idea. • In 1838 Schleiden proposed that all plants are composed of cells; together with his friend Theodor Schwann he formulated the cell theory of life. Schleiden observed various cell structures and activities such as protoplasmic streaming. • Schleiden also found that certain fungi live on or within the roots of some plants. This relationship between fungi and plants, called mycorrhiza ("fungi roots"), has since been shown to be very common and extremely beneficial to both organisms.

  8. Different shapes, different functions

  9. Cell Three major areas of eukaryotes • Cell or plasma membrane • Cytoplasm • DNA

  10. Typical cell

  11. Plasma Membrane

  12. Mitochondria • Mitochondria—where energy is produced as ATP • Power house!!

  13. Ribosomes and RER • Ribosomes - where proteins are made, may be in cytoplasm or attached to RER (2) 3. RER – rough endoplasmic reticulum

  14. SER and ER 1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum—series of channels though out the cytoplasm. Have ribosomes attached 3. Smooth ER does not have ribosomes attached

  15. Golgi Bodies

  16. Golgi bodies Special packaging organelle for making enzymes for use in the cell, or for export as hormones in glands

  17. Centriole-involved during mitosis

  18. Nucleus 1. nuclear membrane 2. nucleolus 3. nuclear pores 4. chromatin 1

  19. Chromatin ~ Chromosomes • Untwisted DNA is chromatin when cell is not in mitosis • Twisted tightly and coiled until they can be seen—chromosomes. Seen during mitosis

  20. Chromosomes

  21. Microvilli Finger-like projections that increase surface area along the cell membrane

  22. Why is little better than big? • As cells increase in size, the surface area to volume ratio is diminished. Big cells cannot get enough food or get rid of wastes. • One reason why cells may divide—to return to a greater surface area volume ratio.

  23. Food vacuoles – store and where enzymes break down food to yield ATP’s

  24. Compare a plant and animal cell

  25. Contrast animal and plant cell

  26. cell membranecell wallchloroplastcentriolescentrosomecytoplasmendoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatuslysosomemitochondrianuclear membranenucleolusnucleusribosomesvacuole 1. liquid inside the cell, mostly water2. made of lipids & proteins, it is the boundary of the cell; it controls what substances enter or leave the cell3. "control center of the cell" where genetic material (DNA) is found4. nonliving border that surrounds plant cells, made of cellulose5. very small organelles that are the sites of protein synthesis6. system of tubes through the cytoplasm involved in transporting materials7. a flat stack of tubes involved in "packaging" materials that will exit the cell8. site of cellular respiration (where energy is released from nutrients)9. storage sac for water or other materials 10. controls what enters or exits the nucleus 11. dark round structure within the nucleus that produces ribosomes 12. specialized vacuole that stores digestive enzymes 13. structure in animal cells involved in cell division 14. spherical structure that contains the centrioles 15. site of photosynthesis in plant cells Match

  27. ANSWERS to "Organelle Functions" Matching : 1. cytoplasm2. cell membrane3. nucleus4. cell wall5. ribosomes6. endoplasmic reticulum7. golgi apparatus8. mitochondria9. vacuole10. nuclear membrane11. nucleolus12. lysosome13. centrioles14. centrosome15. chloroplast

  28. Study!!!

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