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Discussion . How would you define religion? How would you define philosophy? Are these terms the same? Different? Name some examples. Philosophy. Philosophy has its origins in G reek: Philo = friend or love/lover Sophia = Wisdom or knowledge.
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Discussion • How would you define religion? • How would you define philosophy? • Are these terms the same? Different? • Name some examples.
Philosophy • Philosophy has its origins in Greek: • Philo = friend or love/lover • Sophia = Wisdom or knowledge. • Put together, philosophy means “love of knowledge.” • A search for wisdom • Religion- A particular system of faith and worship (ceremonies and rules) • Believing vs reasoning • Explanation vs way of life
How did it start? • Siddhartha Gautama came from a Hindu family 2500 years ago. • He lived a life of luxury and privilege. • Old man, a sick man and a corpse • Ascetic life didn’t work • After reaching enlightenment, he became a teacher
Is Buddha God? • Buddha means “the enlightened” or “the awakened one” • Buddha is NOT a God, but a teacher • Buddhism is a nontheistic religion • a Buddha is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of 3 poisons • Desire, aversion, ignorance • No longer bound by samsara, end of suffering that unawakened people experience in life
Four Noble Truths • Life is full of suffering • The main cause for suffering is desire • Greed and desire • Ignorance and delusion • Hatred and destruction • The way to end desire is eliminating desire for selfish goals • We can stop desires through the Middle Path (Eightfold Path)
Concepts related to Hinduism • What is Karma? • The ultimate goal is to escape samsara (process of cycling through one rebirth after another within the six realms of existence,[a] where each realm can be understood as physical realm or a psychological state characterized by a particular type of suffering) • Dharma? • Bodhisattva: one who is on the path to buddhahood(enlightenment)
Practices • Devotion • Bowing • Offerings • Pilgrimage • Chanting • Meditative Absorption • Yoga
Map Theravada vs Mahayana Entered China through the Silk Road Theravada: School of the Elders (Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, etc. Mahayana: The Great Vehicle (China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Singapore, Taiwan etc.)
“However many holy words you read, however many you speak, what good will they do you if you do not act on upon them?”
“Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one who gets burned.”
Taoism • The Tao = The way • Live naturally with the world around you • Originated 2000 years ago in China • Lao Tzu • Tao TeChing • Contributor to Taoism
Basic Ideas • Notice how all things are interconnected • When there is harmony, everything is easy and good. • When there is disharmony, things get ugly • Example? So go with the flow. Swim with the river, sail in the direction the wind is blowing Taoists value openness, flexibility, humility, listening, adaptability, generosity, and unrestricted thought, emotion and action. Yin and yang, which are neither materials nor energy. They combine in a complementary manner and explain relationships
Ying and Yang YangYin • Light Bright Dark • Temperature Hot Cold • Position Upper Lower • Action Movement Rest • Direction Outward Inward
What about God? • Universe started from the Tao • Not a God, has many deities that are worshiped
Values and beliefs • There is virtue in all things (de= moral character, power, virtue) • Violence is not encouraged, humility is very important • Death should be accepted, it is part of life
Lao Tzu Quotes “When you are content to be simply yourself and don't compare or compete, everyone will respect you.”
“Be content with what you have; rejoice in the way things are. When you realize there is nothing lacking, the whole world belongs to you.”
“Manifest plainness, Embrace simplicity, Reduce selfishness, Have few desires.”
Work time • Choose one of the quotes from your notes • Write it on a piece of blank paper • Write a 5-10 sentence paragraph response about what the quote makes you feel • Draw images around the quote and paragraph that represents what you imagine or any idea that comes to you • Make it creative and colorful • DUE FRIDAY APRIL 11, 2014. • 10 points paragraph response • 10 points drawings
Overall • Philosophy that structured society so that people could live harmoniously together in cities • Focused on rules governing relationships and society
Founder: Confucious • Humanist principles • "the secular as sacred” • personal and governmental morality • correctness of social relationships • justice and sincerity • strong family loyalty, ancestor worship, respect of elders by children and of husbands by wives • Recommended family as ideal basis for forms of government and interaction
Five Relationships • Superiority & Inferiority • The superior has the duty to love and provide for the inferior and the inferior has the duty to respect and obey the superior. • (1) ruler and subject • (2) father and son • (3) elder brother and younger brother • (4) husband and wife • (5) friend and friend
By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by reflection, which is noblest; Second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest.
“If I am walking with two other men, each of them will serve as my teacher. I will pick out the good points of the one and imitate them, and the bad points of the other and correct them in myself.”
Work time • Choose one of the quotes from your notes • Write it on a separate piece of blank paper • Write a 5-10 sentence paragraph response about what the quote makes you feel • Draw images around the quote and paragraph that represents what you imagine or any idea that comes to you • Make it creative and colorful • DUE FRIDAY APRIL 11, 2014. • 10 points paragraph response • 10 points drawings
