Next-generation Library Management and Discovery :

1. Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding Next-generation Library Management and Discovery: Digital content and e-books drive innovation 11 November 2011 Consortium of Icelandic Libraries

2. Abstract As libraries become increasingly involved with managing access to electronic content and as e-books become more popular in both the general population and for academic materials, libraries need much different technology infrastructure than when print materials dominated. E-books remain a difficult challenge for libraries. Licensing models, digital rights management, and other factors result in a radically different management approach for libraries than apply to their print collections. This presentation will cover some of the new developments underway to transform the integrated library system into a more comprehensive and flexible platform for managing library materials and how discovery services embody similar qualities for providing access to library materials.

3. Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org

4. Libraries in Iceland

5. International Perceptions Survey http://www.librarytechnology.org/perceptions2010.pl

6. Mergers and Acquisitions http://www.librarytechnology.org/automationhistory.pl

7. Key Context: Libraries in Transition • Academic Shift from Print > Electronic • E-journal transition largely complete • Circulation of print collections slowing • E-books now in play (consultation > reading) • Public: Emphasis on Patron Engagement • Increased pressure on physical facilities • Increased circulation of print collections • Dramatic increase in interest in e-books • All libraries: • Need better tools for access to complex multi-format collections • Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections • Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability

8. Key Context: Technologies in transition • XML / Web services / Service-oriented Architecture • Beyond Web 2.0 • Integration of social computing into core infrastructure • Local computing shifting to cloud platforms • Application Service Provider offerings standard • New expectations for multi-tenant software-as-a-service • Full spectrum of devices • full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile • Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of device and interface cycles

9. Key Text: Changed expectations in metadata management • Moving away from individual record-by-record creation • Life cycle of metadata • Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed • Manage metadata in bulk when possible • E-book collections • Highly shared metadata • E-journal knowledge bases, e.g. • Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data • Very little progress in linked data for operational systems • AACR2 > RDA • MARC > RDF (recent announcement of Library of Congress)

10. Each Library Type Distinctive • Academic – Public – School – Special • Academic: Emphasis on subscribed electronic resources • Public: Engaged in the management of print collections • Dramatic increase in interest in E-books • School: Age-appropriate resources (print and Web), textbook and media management • Special: Enterprise knowledge management (Corporate, Law, Medical, etc)

11. Specialized automation • In general, products have emerged to serve each library sector • Companies in general cluster around these specializations • Some overlap: Public / Academic • Multi-type consortia: compromise and adapt systems to serve many types of libraries

12. Cooperation and Resource sharing • Efforts on many fronts to cooperate and consolidate • Many regional consortia merging (Example: suburban Chicago systems) • State-wide or national implementations • Software-as-a-service or “cloud” based implementations • Many libraries share computing infrastructure and data resources

13. Gegnir – The Icelandic Union Catalog • Based on single instance of Aleph 500 • Language-specific implementation customizations • Instantiates an ambitious vision for national cooperation • Serves libraries of all types: National, University, College, School, Special

14. Status Quo Sustainable? • ILS for management of (mostly) print • Duplicative financial systems between library and campus • Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS) • OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to full-text electronic articles • Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.) • Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.) • Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections • No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

15. Phase of realignment • Strong need to realign library automation with current library realities • Legacy library systems reinforce workflows no longer in step with library priorities. • Need systems that allow libraries to allocate personnel in proper proportion to collection • Separate automation platforms for print and electronic have not proven successful

16. Academic Library Issues • Greater concern with electronic resources • Management: Need for consolidated approach that balances print, digital, and electronic workflows • Access: discovery interfaces that maximize the value of investments in electronic content

17. Enhance the experience of library patrons Management and access to physical resources Self-service through the Web portal: View current loans, perform holds, renewals, pay fines and fees Self-service in the physical library RFID-based self-issue and returns Helps the library deploy service personnel for highest impact Public Library Issues

18. Larger-scale collections Cultural Heritage responsibilities National services: bibliographic, resource sharing, automation, etc. National infrastructure: technology platforms shared at the widest level National Library Issues

19. Systems Librarian Column, Sept 2011 “Service-oriented architectures and browser-based interfaces deployed through cloud-based infrastructure stand today as the key technologies preferred for new software development efforts” http://www.infotoday.com/cilmag/sep11/Breeding.shtml A Cloudy Forecast for Libraries

20. Major trend in Information Technology Few organizations have core competence in large-scale computer infrastructure management Essentially outsourcing of server housing and management Usually based on a consumption-based business model Most new automation products delivered through some flavor of cloud computing Many flavors to suit business needs: public, private, hybrid Cloud Computing

21. Almost all library automation vendors offer some form of cloud-based services Server management moves from library to Vendor Subscription-based business model Comprehensive annual subscription payment Offsets local server purchase and maintenance Offsets some local technology support Library Automation in the Cloud

22. Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern approach One copy of the code base serves multiple sites Software functionality delivered entirely through Web interfaces No workstation clients Upgrades and fixes deployed universally Usually in small increments Software as a Service

23. SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models WorldCat: one globally shared copy that serves all libraries Primo Central: central index of articles maintained by Ex Libris shared by all libraries implementing Primo / Primo Central Global Knowledgebase of e-journal holdings shared among all customers of SFX General opportunity to move away from library-by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows Data as a service

24. Competing Models of Library Automation • Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS • Aleph, Voyager, Millennium, Symphony, Polaris, • BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se • LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus, TOTALS II • Traditional Open Source ILS • Evergreen, Koha • New generation unified resource management • Ex Libris Alma, Kuali OLE, OCLC Web-scale Management Services • Cloud-based automation systems • Ex Libris Alma • OCLC Web-scale: Management Service • Serials Solutions: Web-Scale Management Solution

25. Comprehensive Resource Management • No longer sensible to use different software platforms for managing different types of library materials • ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model • Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows

26. Open Systems • Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies • Libraries need to do more with their data • Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies • Demand for Interoperability • Open source – full access to internal program of the application • Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

27. New Library Management Model Unified Presentation Layer Search: Self-Check /Automated Return Library Services Platform ` Digital Coll Consolidated index Discovery Service ProQuest API Layer StockManagement EBSCO … Enterprise ResourcePlanning Smart Cad / Payment systems JSTOR LearningManagement AuthenticationService Other Resources

28. Possible new term for the successor to the ILS ILS now viewed as print-centric Next Generation systems must serve as platforms to connect external systems as well as to deliver internal functionality Delivered Functionality + library created extensions + interoperability Library Services Platform

29. New models of Library Collection Discovery From local discovery to Web-scale discovery

30. Next-Gen Library Catalogs Marshall Breeding Neal-Schuman Publishers March 2010 Volume 1 of The Tech Set

31. Online Catalog ILS Data Search: Search Results

32. Disjointed approach to information and service delivery • Silos Prevail • Books: Library OPAC (ILS module) • Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collections • OpenURL linking services • E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver) • Subject guides (e.g. SpringshareLibGuides) • Local digital collections • ETDs, photos, rich media collections • Metasearch engines • All searched separately

33. Next-gen Catalogs or Discovery Interface • Single search box • Query tools • Did you mean • Type-ahead • Relevance ranked results • Faceted navigation • Enhanced visual displays • Cover art • Summaries, reviews, • Recommendation services

34. Discovery Interface search model ILS Data Digital Collections Search: Local Index ProQuest Search Results EBSCOhost MetaSearch Engine … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Real-time query and responses

35. Discovery Products http://www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl

36. Differentiation in Discovery • Products increasingly specialized between public and academic libraries • Public libraries: emphasis on engagement with physical collection • Academic libraries: concern for discovery of heterogeneous material types, especially books + articles + digital objects

37. Discovery from Local to Web-scale • Initial products focused on technology • AquaBrowser, Endeca,Primo, Encore, VuFind, • LIBERO Uno, Civica Sorcer, Axiell Arena • Mostly locally-installed software • Current phase focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery • Primo Central (Ex Libris) • Summon (Serials Solutions) • WorldCat Local (OCLC) • EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO) • Encore with Article Integration

38. Citations / Metadata > Full Text • Citations or structured metadata provide key data to power search & retrieval and faceted navigation • Indexing Full-text of content amplifies access • Important to understand depth indexing • Currency, dates covered, full-text or citation • Many other factors

39. Web-scale Index-based Discovery ILS Data Digital Collections Search: ProQuest EBSCOhost Search Results Consolidated Index … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Pre-built harvesting and indexing

40. Challenge for Relevancy Technically feasible to index hundreds of millions or billions of records through Lucene or SOLR Difficult to order records in ways that make sense Many fairly equivalent candidates returned for any given query Must rely on use-based and social factors to improve relevancy rankings

41. Open Discovery Initiative • Project underway to address issues related to information providers, discovery service providers, and libraries • Protocols for transfer of content • Transparency of what is transferred and indexed • Rights or restrictions on how discovery services use content • Initial meeting at ALA Annual • Proposal under consideration by NISO • “Proposed New Work Item: Standards and Best Practices for Library Discovery Services Based on Indexed Search”

42. Device Agnostic

43. Impact of E-Books

50. E-books in Libraries