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Measures of Mortality & Mortality in Different Populations

Measures of Mortality & Mortality in Different Populations. Mortality is a term which means “death” or describes death and related issues. Mortality Table. Selected Mortality Rates. Maternal Mortality. Rates. With rates, the numerator is included in the denominator

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Measures of Mortality & Mortality in Different Populations

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  1. Measures of Mortality&Mortality in Different Populations

  2. Mortality is a term which means “death” or describes death and related issues

  3. Mortality Table

  4. Selected Mortality Rates

  5. Maternal Mortality

  6. Rates • With rates, the numerator is included in the denominator • Rate is the number of or frequency of a disease per unit size of population

  7. Ratio

  8. Ratios • Ratio – the relation in number, degree or quantity existing between two similar things 25 ♀ : 30 ♂ • Ratio as a fraction 25/30 or 5/6

  9. Proportions • Compare like populations or like illnesses within a population • For example, 40 children are currently ill with measles, while 80 children all together have or have had the measles

  10. Mortality • Deaths; describes death; related issues • Graunt • 1600s – Bills of Mortality • Farr (1807-1883) • Registrar general; vital statistics • Causes • Registration

  11. Types of Mortality Rates/Ratio • annual death rate • crude death rates • infant mortality rates (ratio) • neonatal mortality rates • postneonatal mortality rates • perinatal mortality rates • fetal death rates • fetal death ratios • abortion rates • maternal mortality rates • adjusted mortality rates • standardized mortality ratio • specific death rates • proportionate mortality rate- case fatality rate • mortality crossover – mortality time trends Your Assignment: familiarize yourself with the definitions of these terms

  12. Three Levels of Rates • Crude rates • Adjusted rates • Specific rates/ratios

  13. Annual Death Rates • “General” (crude) mortality rate • a population group exposed to risk of death • a time period • Crude Mortality Rate = # of deaths occurring in that population during that period of time

  14. Crude Death Rates • Does NOT account for differences of age, sex, etc. in any aspect of death • Info needed: • total deaths • total population • a given period of time

  15. Crude Death Rates (cont’d)

  16. Cause Specific Mortality Rate

  17. Cause Specific Mortality Rate

  18. Case Fatality Rate

  19. Specific Death Rates • For example: Early life mortality measures

  20. Specific Death Rates • For example: infant mortality

  21. Infant Death Rates in the U.S.

  22. Specific Death Rates (cont’d) • Neonatal mortality rate • Postneonatal mortality rate

  23. Neonatal & Postneonatal Death Rates

  24. Specific Death Rates (cont’d) • Perinatal mortality rates

  25. Specific Death Rates (cont’d) • Fetal death rate

  26. Maternal Mortality Rates

  27. Maternal Mortality Rates (cont’d)

  28. Adjusted Death Rates • Allows comparisons by controlling for differences in some variables • Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) • Proportionate Mortality Ratio (PMR) • Specific Mortality Rates • Does NOT account for differences of age, sex, etc. in any aspect of death • Info needed: • total deaths • total population • a given period of time

  29. Adjusted Death RatesAge Adjusted Rates • Direct Method

  30. Adjusted Death RatesAge Adjusted Rates (cont’d) • Direct Method

  31. Adjusted Death RatesAge Adjusted Rates (cont’d) • Direct Method

  32. Adjusted Death RatesAge Adjusted Rates (cont’d) • Indirect Method • Standard Mortality Ratio

  33. Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)

  34. Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)

  35. Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)

  36. Specific Mortality Rates • Age specific mortality rate

  37. Age-Specific Mortality Rates

  38. Other Issues Related to Mortality • Mortality Cross-over • Death of a subject that started in one group but “crossed over” to another group during course of study • Mortality Time Trends • Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) • YPLL Rate

  39. Years of Potential Life Lost

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