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Anatomy Basics

Anatomy Basics. Ex 1-3. Anatomic Position. Frame of Reference anatomic position standing, feet together arms slightly away from body palms out. superior. medial. proximal. lateral. distal. inferior. Anatomic Position. Specific names are more precise superior/inferior

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Anatomy Basics

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  1. Anatomy Basics Ex 1-3

  2. Anatomic Position • Frame of Reference • anatomic position • standing, feet together • arms slightly away from body • palms out

  3. superior medial proximal lateral distal inferior Anatomic Position • Specific names are more precise • superior/inferior • above or below • same as caudad/cepalad • medial/lateral • toward or away from midline • proximal/distal • closer or further away

  4. anterior posterior Anatomic Position • Specific names are more precise • anterior/posterior • front and back • same as ventral/dorsal • superficial/deep • close to body surface/deep to body surface • skin is superficial to muscle

  5. Anatomic Position • Planes • frontal plane • divides the body into anterior and posterior parts • transverse plane • cross section dividing the body into superior and inferior parts • sagittal plane • divides the body into right and left parts • “midsagittal” plane • runs exactly through the middle

  6. Anatomic Position MRI practice

  7. Body Cavities • “Hollow” areas that contain and protect organs • Dorsal Cavity • contain brain and spinal cord • Ventral Cavity • thoracic cavity • abdominopelvic cavity

  8. Body Cavities • Serous Membranes • body cavities covered with a thin, double layered membrane • wraps around cavity surface and around organs • cavity serosa=parietal layer • organ serosa=visceral layer • secretes a thin fluid that reduces friction of moving body parts

  9. Body Cavities • Serous Membranes • have different names depending on cavity • Thoracic Cavity (3 divisions) • Pleural Cavity • between lungs and chest wall • lined with pleura • Pericardial Cavity • surrounds heart • lined with pericardium • Mediastinum • cavity that contains heart, trachea, esophagus, aorta, etc • lined with parts of pleura and pericardium

  10. Body Cavities • Serous Membranes • have different names depending on cavity • Abdominal Cavity • area between the abdominal organs and the abdominal wall • lined with peritoneum

  11. Abdominal Quadrants • Abdomen divided into 4 equal areas • Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) • gallbladder/liver • Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) • stomach and spleen • Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) • appendix • Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) • diverticulitis

  12. Abdominal Regions • Abdomen divided into 9 equal areas • Medically the midline regions are most significant • Epigastric Region • stomach • Umbilical Region • area of referred pain • Hypogastric Region • bladder infection

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