1 / 16

Understanding Life and Genetics: DNA, Meiosis, and Chromosomes Explained

Explore how life originates from pre-existing life and where genetic information is stored. Learn about DNA, genes, proteins, chromosomes, meiosis, and genetic variation. Practice organizing Meiosis cards with x-over and independent assortment.

rasia
Download Presentation

Understanding Life and Genetics: DNA, Meiosis, and Chromosomes Explained

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Learning Target 1.1 How does life come from pre-existing life?

  2. Genetic Information • Where is our genetic information stored? • DNA • What are the segments of DNA called that code for a trait? • Genes • What do genes actually produce? • Proteins • Why do we need proteins? • They build structures in our bodies and regulate the functions of our bodies.

  3. Organization of DNA • Each human has how many chromosomes? • 46 • How many different chromosomes does a human have? • 23 • What do we call chromosomes with the same genes—but may code for different variations of that gene? • Homologous Chromosomes • How many autosomal chromosomes do we have? • 44 • How many sex chromosomes do we have? • 2

  4. Male vs. Female Genetics • What are the sex chromosomes of a male? • XY • What are the sex chromosomes of a female? • XX • How many sperm are produced from a starting cell in meiosis? • 4 • How many eggs are produced from a starting cell in meiosis? • 4 • What is the purpose of the Y chromosome? • To stop the development of the female body plan and modify towards a male body plan using testosterone.

  5. Meiosis • What is the purpose of meiosis? • To produce gametes (egg and sperm) • Increase Genetic Variation • What is a diploid cell? • Cell that has 2 sets of chromosomes, 1 from each parent. • All body cells are diploid • What is a haploid cell? • Cell that has 1 set of chromosomes, which is a mixtures of maternal and paternal chromosomes (grandma and grandpa’s). • Sperm and egg are haploid.

  6. How do you get so much variation in offspring?

  7. Steps of Meiosis (Think Yarn!) (Replicated chromosomes) (Interphase) • Organize • (Prophase) • Line Up • (Metaphase) • Separate • (Anaphase) • 2 Identical Piles • (Telophase/Cytokinesis)

  8. Meiosis increases variation. • Interphase • Mutation • Prophase • Crossing Over (x-over) • Metaphase • Independent Assortment

  9. Prophase-Crossing Over

  10. Metaphase—Independent Assortment

  11. Example Meiosis • Interphase • Condense Chromosomes, Replicate Chromosomes • Prophase • Organize by Homologous Chromosomes, X-Over • Metaphase • Line up by Tetrad (Homologous + Sisters), Independent Assortment • Anaphase/Telophase/Cytokinesis • Separate Homologous • Contain DNA in new nucleus • Split Cell • Repeat above steps 1x time, however sister chromatids separate this time.

  12. Meiosis Animation

  13. When chromosomes don’t split apart…

  14. In a Karyotype… • How can you determine if the person is male or female? • Look at the sex chromosomes. • How many chromosomes in a healthy karyotype? • 46 • How many chromosomes in a viable abnormal karyotype? • 45 or 47 • How many chromosomes does a person have if they have a monosomy? • 45 • How many chromosomes does a persona have if they have a trisomy? • 47

  15. Practice… • Organize Meiosis cards in the correct order and draw the process! • Include x-over • Independent Assortment • Red and Blue Colors

More Related