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Understanding the Holocaust: From Persecution to Extermination

Delve into the main debates on Hitler's genocidal intentions, phases of Nazi anti-Semitic policy, and the atrocities witnessed during the Holocaust. Explore legal persecution, forced emigration, and the ultimate extermination of European Jewry. Learn about the Nuremberg Laws, Kristallnacht, the implementation of Operation Barbarossa, and the Einsatzgruppen's role in mass murder. Reflect on the tragic fate of over 5 million individuals due to Nazi decrees. This overview sheds light on the dark chapters of history that shaped the horrific events of the Holocaust.

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Understanding the Holocaust: From Persecution to Extermination

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  1. Introduction to Anti-Semitism and the beginnings of extermination.

  2. Main debates in historiographical Holocaust • What are the arguments on why Hitler proceeded to commit genocide? • Intentionalism- Hitler intended to murder all Jews from an early date. • Functionalism/Structuralism- The murder of European Jewry was a function of the Nazi State’s structure

  3. Phases of Nazi Anti-Semitic Policy • Phase 1- Legal persecution and exclusion from German society (1933-1938). • Phase 2- Forced emigration and expansion of the Judenfrage(1938-1941). • Phase 3- Extermination of European Jewry (1942-1945).

  4. Phase i Legal ways in which the Nazi regime persecuted Jewry. Minor: • April boycott(1933). • Re-establishment of the Professional Civil Service, 1933.

  5. Phase I continued The major law in which instituted Jewish discrimination • The Nuremberg Laws (1935). • Two degrees of considering who was a Jew, called Mischling. • Does this sound familiar towards anything done in any other countries?

  6. Phase II • Forced emigration and expansion of the Judenfrage. • Flight tax implemented called, reichsfluchtstuer.. • Laws on names were made to identify Jews (1938). • Jewish passports with stamps.

  7. Phase ii continued • What event ushered in the 2nd phase of Nazi persecution of Jews? • The Kristallnacht that took place 11/91938. • Outbreak of war impacts Nazi Jewish policy. • Quota systems placed on the Jews, making it hard to escape and flee from war and persecution.

  8. Phase III • Extermination of European Jewry . • Jews are forced to move into Ghettos. • Conditions in Ghettos are horrible. • What happened in these Ghettos? • Ghettos administered through Schenllbrief.

  9. Phase iii continued • Extermination & eugenics program performed on all unwanted people or attributes. • Operations and decrees make mass killings legal in Germany. • Code name T4 implemented. • Operation Barbarossa implemented.

  10. Operation Barbarossa • The new policy which Operation Barbarossa instated made it easy for Nazi Germany to round up all Jews and start committing mass murder. • Why would the Nazis make the decision to murder all the Jews? • Those who would round up the Jews were called the Einsatzgruppen.

  11. Conclusion • The Jewish community went through stages of persecution starting with legal rights to persecute, emigration, and then extermination. • Hitler believed he could get away with it, used the cover of war to cloud intentions. • More than 5 million individuals are killed because of decrees and policy.

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