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The Physical Examination Cattle

Learn how to conduct systematic physical and clinical examinations on single animals or herds, including differential diagnosis, lab tests, treatment, and client education. This guide covers general inspection, appearance, behavior, eye assessment, body condition, skin and coat, respiratory movements, abdomen, stance, posture, and gait. Make accurate assessments based on observation and understanding of breed variations and normal vs. abnormal characteristics.

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The Physical Examination Cattle

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  1. The Physical ExaminationCattle

  2. The Clinical Examination • Patient Data • History • Environment – verify information • General Inspection • Systematic Physical Examination • Detailed Physical Examination

  3. Single Animal VS. Herd

  4. Environment

  5. Nutrition/Diet

  6. Facilities/Management

  7. Neighbors

  8. Clinical Examination cont. • Differential Diagnosis • Appropriate Lab tests • Diagnosis • Treatment • Client Education

  9. General Inspection • Need light & space • STAND BACK - LOOK - DON”T TOUCH • Observe at rest and critically access

  10. Inspection cont. • General appearance & conformation • Behavior • Facial expression • Eye appearance • Body condition • Skin & hair coat • Respiratory movements • Abdomen • Stance & Posture • Gait

  11. General Appearance • VIEW ALL SIDES • Symmetry muscles/skeleton • Shape • Size - appropriate for age/breed • Compare abdomen & thorax – deviations from normal? – physiological vs. pathological

  12. General cont. • Conformation - breed variations • Abnormalities: – Head: “parrot mouth” – Limbs: “ base wide”, “winged” elbows, “post legged”, cow hocks, sickle hocks

  13. Behaviour • Temperament • Voice • Vices (bad habit) • Facial expression

  14. Ingestive behaviour • Prehension • Mastication • Swallowing • Regurgitation

  15. Eliminative behaviour

  16. Appearance of The Eye Appearance of eye • Bright & shinny vs. dull & cloudy • Position • Discharge • 3rd eyelid

  17. Body Condition Indicates past health, diet, management & production • Relative to breed, age, stage of pregnancy, Lactation. • Be careful with wooly or hairy animals – need to palpate! • Compare to neighbors

  18. Skin & Hair Coat • Indicative of systemic vs. local dz. • Indicates previous health status

  19. Respiratory Movements • Rate – Temperature, excitement, exercise • Rhythm • Depth – Shallow, deep • Type • Symmetrical vs. asymmetrical movements

  20. Abdomen Size – Increased – Decreased • Shape – Unilateral – Bilateral

  21. Abdominal pings • Location • Size • Intensity • Persistency

  22. Stance & Posture • Arched back • Saw-horse • Sternal • Star gazing • Shifting weight • Head & neck extended • Leaning back • Forelimbs wide apart

  23. Gait • Any abnormalities • Musculoskeletal system • Neurological system

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