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This chapter delves into the period of 1914 to 1915 during World War I, highlighting the initial nationalistic fervor and misconceptions that the war would end swiftly. It examines the Western and Eastern Fronts, the rise of trench warfare, the tactics utilized, the entry of the United States, the impact of total war on societies and women's evolving roles. This section provides a comprehensive overview of the illusions shattered and the grim reality of the great slaughter that ensued in the early stages of the war.
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War and Revolution World War I Chapter 23 Section 2
1914 to 1915: Illusions and Stalemate • Propaganda helped stir national hatred • Everyone believed the war would be over in a few weeks
1914 to 1915: Illusions and Stalemate • The Western Front • Schlieffen Plan had called for German forces to create a circling motion but they were stopped near Paris • Battle of the Marne • The battle turned into a stalemate • Trench warfare • Dug ditches where each side stayed for years
1914 to 1915: Illusions and Stalemate • The Eastern Front • Russia moved into Germany but they were quickly stopped • Italy betrayed Germany and Austria by attacking Austria • Italy joined France, GB, and Russia
The Great Slaughter • Trenches were protected by barbed wire entanglements up to 5 feet high and 30 yards wide • Trenches were separated by a strip of land called no man’s land
The Great Slaughter • Tactics of Trench Warfare • Attack would begin with an artillery barrage and then the soldiers would climb out and charge the other side • In 10 months 700,000 men lost their lives • War in the Air • Planes are used for the first time in WWI • Pilots would fire at one another with handheld pistols until machine guns were mounted on the planes • Germans also began using Zeppelins to bomb cities
A World War • Entry of the United States • Tried to remain neutral but thanks to the naval war the US was drug into war • Britain had set up a blockade of Germany but Germany instituted unrestricted submarine warfare • Lusitania • British passenger ship that had Americans on board
The Impact of Total War • World War I involved a complete mobilization of resources and people • Increased Government Powers • Countries began drafting young men to fight • Governments set price, wages, rent controls • They also rationed food and wages
The Impact of Total War • Total War and Women • Women took over the jobs that were left empty by men who had gone to war • Chimney Sweeps, truck drivers and factory workers • At the end of the war governments would quickly remove women from the jobs • Women started to gain freedoms that they will demand by the end of World War II
