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Unveiling Athletic Segregation: Economic Insights on Competitive Disparities

Investigate positional segregation in sports to discern discrimination from comparative advantage using economic theories. Explore distribution of athletic endowments and the impact on performance disparities. Analyze evidence and evaluate results to uncover underlying causes and potential solutions.

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Unveiling Athletic Segregation: Economic Insights on Competitive Disparities

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  1. Senior Project Presentations

  2. Time Matters • Presentation Time Limit -- 7 minutes • Going over will effect your grade! • Not counting questions • Determine What Points Are Worth Making (Do This Before Making PP Slides)

  3. Overview of Slide Types • Defining the Topic/Problem • Build interest in economic content • Background • Key Findings • Questions/Problems/Issues

  4. From Written Report to PowerPoint • How Many Slides? • @ x minutes per slide • Remember, slides should augment, not replace, oral presentation: • Emphasis • Illustration (tables/graphs) • Clarification

  5. Example: “Positional Segregation”

  6. Positional Segregation in Sports Discrimination or Comparative Advantage

  7. Positional Segregation: The Issue • NFL in late 1990s: white-black QB ratio 3:1 while cornerback ratio 1:60 • MLB in 1980s: blacks comprise 7% of pitchers but 70% of outfielders • Does figures such as these reflect discrimination or some underlying competitive advantage?

  8. Possible Economic Explanations • Employer-Manager, Employee, or Fan bias (Scully 1974; Curtis and Loy 1978; Yetman 1987) • Different Training opportunities (Medoff 1986) • Non-discrimination Explanations? • Differences in Underlying Athletic Abilities “Athletic Endowment”

  9. Distribution of Athletic Endowments • At Individual Level – prima facie evidence • At Aggregate Levels Marked by Geographic Areas or racial/ethnic Groups? • Anecdote/Science of Nepalese Sherpas • Mixed Evidence from Exercise Science • Related Evidence in Medical Problems

  10. Key Caveats • Not assuming a correlation between athletic skill and mental capacity. • Not limited to race-based groupings -- broader and narrower than race alone

  11. Evidence • Does Track & Field Performance Differ by Ancestral Region? • Data for top 20 performing athletes in variety of events • Contingency Table Analysis • Comparisons of Regional Percentages • Logistic Regression • Controlling for differences in population and income

  12. Contingency Table

  13. Logistic Regression

  14. Evaluating Results • What is the basis of this geographic dependence? • Managerial/Employee/Customer Bias? • Training? • Comparative Advantage? • How Big of a Difference Might Comparative Advantage Make? • Small differences & distributional effects, see Martel, et al, American Psychologist (1996)

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