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Energy savings in the new EU Member States: The Czech experience

Energy savings in the new EU Member States: The Czech experience. Miloš KEBRDLE Secretary General CZECH GAS ASSOCIATION E-mail: m.kebrdle@cgoa.cz. Economic changes in the energy sector between 1990 and 2007. 1990 – 1993 Phase One – changes started

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Energy savings in the new EU Member States: The Czech experience

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  1. Energy savings in the new EU Member States: The Czech experience Miloš KEBRDLE Secretary General CZECH GAS ASSOCIATION E-mail: m.kebrdle@cgoa.cz

  2. Economic changes in the energy sector between 1990 and 2007 1990 – 1993 Phase One – changes started • Transition of the country’s economy to a market economy • The country’s currency, CZK, became freely convertible • Partial deregulation of prices • 1993: Czechoslovak federation split to form the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic

  3. Economic changes in the energy sector between 1990 and 2007 1994 – 2002 Phase Two – changes carried out • Public limited companies emerged in the gas industry • Governmental subsidies to support capital investment projects for bringing natural gas to municipalities • Energy prices gradually rising • Full application of market economy principles in the gas industry • Elimination of cross subsidies (household prices subsidised at the expense of prices to the industrial and commercial sectors) • Privatisation of gas companies started (1995) and completed (2002) • Legislative changes – a new Energy Act, harmonisation of legislation with the EU’s acquis

  4. Economic changes in the energy sector between 1990 and 2007 2003 - 2007 Phase Three – changes stabilised • Full application of the EU legislation in the energy sector, accession to the EU • Fully-fledged operation of the Energy Regulatory Office • Preparations for, and opening of, a liberalised gas market • Economic relationships in the gas industry are fully comparable with those in the other EU Member States

  5. 2 000.0 1 800.0 1 600.0 1 400.0 1 200.0 PJ 1 000.0 800.0 600.0 400.0 200.0 0.0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 solid fuels liquid fuels gaseous fuels primary heat and electricity total final consumption Energy Balance

  6. 800.0 700.0 600.0 500.0 PJ 400.0 300.0 200.0 100.0 0.0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Production and treatment of fuels Fuel preparation Heat production Electricity generation Energy distribution and fuel transport Fuel transformation

  7. GDP (current prices) GDP (constant prices, previous year = 100) Development of the GDP 3 500.0 112.0 3 000.0 110.0 2 500.0 108.0 2 000.0 106.0 CZKbn % 1 500.0 104.0 1 000.0 102.0 500.0 100.0 0.0 98.0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

  8. 1.4 1.2 1 PJ fuels and energy/CZKbn GDP 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Energy intensity of GDP creation

  9. Reducing the energy intensity of GDP creation • Gas price hikes have resulted in a more economical behaviour of consumers in all sectors of the economy • Technological changes in industry in favour of less energy intensive processes • Change in households’ behaviour • Investments in energy savings have become more effective • Preference for energies with a higher efficiency of energy transformation (the share of gas has grown, the share of solid fuels has decreased)

  10. 10 1.8 1.6 9.9 1.4 9.8 1.2 1 9.7 0.8 9.6 0.6 0.4 9.5 0.2 9.4 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Electricity using steam from fuels [GJ/MWh] Hard coal, run-of-mine output [GJ/tonne] Heat from heat & power plants [GJ/GJ] Oil production [GJ/tonne] Energy intensity – the energy sector

  11. polystyrene and copolymers polyethylene and copolymers ammonia ethylene Energy intensity – the chemical industry 70 60 50 40 GJ/t 30 20 10 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

  12. refined sugar meat products malt beer Energy intensity – the food industry 15 12 9 GJ/unit 6 3 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

  13. Fuel consumption – heat production 19952004 gaseous fuels 19.3% gaseous fuels 29.8% liquid fuels 10.2% liquid fuels 5.7% solid fuels 64.5% solid fuels 70.5% Total consumption: 78,803 TJ Total consumption: 50,510 TJ

  14. Pattern of fuels – the food industry 1995 2004 electricity 14.0% liquid fuels 16.5% electricity 19.7% liquid fuels 20.3% solid fuels 11.1% solid fuels 29.7% gaseous fuels 39.9% gaseous fuels 48.9% Total consumption: 36,407 TJ Total consumption: 28,595 TJ

  15. Pattern of fuels – the chemical industry 19952004 liquid fuels 6.9% liquid fuels 10.9% electricity 17.9% electricity 18.2% solid fuels 49.2% gaseous fuels 21.7% gaseous fuels 27.1% solid fuels 48.1% Total consumption: 38,768 TJ Total consumption: 76,566 TJ

  16. Changes in the household sector between 1995 and 2005 • Gas price up by 230% • Investments in heat loss reduction in residential buildings • Indoor temperature of heated space lower by approximately 3°C • Better availability of more efficient appliances • Space not occupied permanently no longer heated to the usual temperature (only heated to the necessary minimum) • Gas consumption in a standard (average) household (detached house) decreased annually by about 2.5% from 1995 to 2005

  17. 9000 Overall no. of customers did not change over the period under review 8000 7000 6000 5000 number of customers 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 up to 80 up to 90 up to 10 up to 20 up to 30 up to 40 up to 50 up to 60 up to 70 up to 100 up to 110 up to 120 up to 130 up to 140 up to 150 up to 160 up to 170 up to 210 up to 220 up to 230 up to 240 up to 250 up to 180 up to 190 up to 200 consumption (cu m/yr) 2001 1998 Number of STP’s customers takingup to 250 cu m/year

  18. 9000 No. of customers went up by one-third over the period under review 8000 7000 6000 number of customers 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 up to 750 up to 500 up to 5750 up to 6000 up to 6250 up to 6500 up to 5250 up to 5500 up to 2000 up to 2500 up to 2750 up to 3000 up to 3250 up to 3500 up to 3750 up to 4000 up to 4250 up to 4500 up to 2250 up to 4750 up to 1000 up to 1250 up to 1500 up to 1750 up to 5000 consumption (cu m/yr) 1998 2001 Number of STP’s customers taking 500 to 6,500 cu m/year

  19. 30 25 20 15 mcm/yr 10 5 0 up to 100 up to 500 up to 900 up to 4900 up to 5300 up to 5700 up to 1700 up to 2100 up to 2500 up to 2900 up to 3300 up to 3700 up to 4100 up to 1300 up to 4500 95-96 03-04 Household category’s consumption at JMP – by bands

  20. Households’ average consumption adjusted to average ambient temperature 3600 10 3500 9 3400 8 3300 7 3200 6 cu m/yr 3100 5 CZK/cu m 3000 4 2900 3 2800 2 2700 1 2600 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 households‘ average consumption (sample 1) Households‘ average consumption (sample 2) average price for households

  21. Increase, households Minimum replacement Per cent of heating system replacement Boiler sales, households 160 000 16 140 000 14 120 000 12 100 000 10 % 80 000 8 60 000 6 40 000 4 20 000 2 0 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

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