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Body Systems

Body Systems. ANATOMY – study of the parts of the body PHYSIOLOGY – function of the body ANATOMICAL POSITION – standing erect with face forward, arms at the side, palms forward. Anatomic Terminology – Position and Direction. ANTERIOR or VENTRAL – front or in front of

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Body Systems

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  1. Body Systems

  2. ANATOMY – study of the parts of the body • PHYSIOLOGY – function of the body • ANATOMICAL POSITION – standing erect with face forward, arms at the side, palms forward

  3. Anatomic Terminology – Position and Direction • ANTERIOR or VENTRAL – front or in front of • POSTERIOR or DORSAL – back or in back of Frontal Dorsal ↓

  4. CRANIAL – refers to the head of the body • CAUDAL – means tail end Tail end

  5. SUPERIOR – upper or above something • INFERIOR – lower or below something Superior Inferior

  6. MEDIAL – toward the middle • LATERAL – toward the side of the body Lateral ←←Medial

  7. PROXIMAL – toward the point of attachment to the body or the trunk of the body • DISTAL – away from the point of attachment to the body Proximal Distal

  8. SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL) – near the surface or outside the body • DEEP (INTERNAL) – inside the body

  9. Body Planes and Sections • PLANES – imaginary anatomical dividing planes • SECTION – cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane • SAGITTAL PLANE – divides the body into right and left parts • CORONAL (FRONTAL) PLANE – vertical cut at right angles to saggital plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior portions • TRANSVERSE PLANE – cross-section, a horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts

  10. Cavities of the Body • DORSAL CAVITY – contains brain and spinal cord – the brain is in the CRANIAL CAVITY and the spinal cord is in the SPINAL CAVITY. • ANTERIOR or VENTRAL CAVITY contains the THORACIC and ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES • The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart • ABDOMINAL CAVITY contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder and pancreas • PELVIC CAVITY contains urinary bladder and reproductive organs

  11. Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions Epigastric R Hypochondriac L Hypochondriac R Lumbar L Lumbar Umbilical Hypogastric L Inguinal R Inguinal

  12. Tissues • TISSUES – cells grouped because they are similar in shape, size, structure, and function • EPITHELIAL TISSUE – protects the body by covering internal and external surfaces, and produces secretions • CONNECTIVE TISSUE – supports and connects organs and tissue • MUSCLE TISSUE – has the ability to contract and move the body • NERVOUS TISSUE – cells that react to stimuli and conduct an impulse

  13. Tissue Continued • ADIPOSE TISSUE – type of connective tissue that stores fat cells • LIGAMENTS – strong, flexible bands of connective tissue that hold bones firmly together at the joints • TENDONS – white bands of connective tissue attaching skeletal muscle to bone • CARTILAGE – firm, flexible support of the embryonic skeleton and part of the adult skeleton

  14. Membranes • MEMBRANES – formed by putting two thin layers of tissue together, cells may secrete a fluid • MUCOUS MEMBRANES– lines digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems – produces mucous to lubricate and protect the lining

  15. SEROUS MEMBRANES – double-walled membrane - produces a watery fluid, lines closed body cavities • the outer part of the membrane that lines the cavity is the PARIETAL membrane • the part that covers the organs is the VISCERAL membrane. • PLEURAL MEMBRANE – lines thoracic or chest cavity and protects the lungs • PERICARDIAL MEMBRANE – lines the heart cavity and protects the heart • PERITONEAL MEMBRANE – lines the abdominal cavity and protects abdominal organs

  16. Organs and Systems • ORGAN SYSTEM – a group of organs which act together to perform a specific, related function • Integumentary • Skeletal • Muscular • Digestive • Respiratory • Circulatory • Excretory • Nervous • Endocrine • Reproductive

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