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Analysis and Design of a Golf Ball Speed Measurement Apparatus

This project details the conceptual design, flaws, and final iteration of an apparatus designed to measure the speed of a golf ball after being hit. It explores two main design concepts, including the motion mechanics involved in measuring ball speed and dynamic forces at play. Through animations and graphs, the research illustrates angular acceleration, velocity, joint forces, and potential design improvements. While the final design eliminates a problematic spring component, limitations such as calibration issues and the impact of spring resistance are acknowledged. Overall, this honors project contributes to the understanding of golf ball dynamics.

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Analysis and Design of a Golf Ball Speed Measurement Apparatus

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  1. Golf Ball Speed Analysis Apparatus ENGR 196 Honors Project, Dec. 2001 By: Dan and David Langenderfer Faculty Mentor: Dr. H. El-Mounayri

  2. Original Intent 1st conceptual design Flaws in 1st design 2nd conceptual design Flaws in 2nd design Motion of apparatus Final design Changes to final design Components Animation at 30° Animation at 25° Graphs of acceleration, velocity, forces, and position Limitations Possible Improvements Outline of Presentation

  3. Original Intent of Project • Find speed of baseball after being hit by a bat. • Slow the measuring apparatus down. • Design apparatus to have relatively no vibration.

  4. 1st Design

  5. Flaws in 1st Design • The parts would have to be big to with stand speed. • The arms used to slow the mechanism down may fly apart. • The joints would not be pin joints, instead they would have to pivot.

  6. 2nd Design

  7. Flaws In Second Design • The spring would have a large recoil velocity. • The recoil velocity could injure the player or break his equipment. • The parts would have to be rigid and strong for their size.

  8. Motion of Apparatus • Forces applied by the putter to the ball. • Ball arm pivots on center shaft, while arrow indicates speed of initial impact. • Spring attached to ball arm counteracts the initial impact of the putter. • Ball returns to initial position.

  9. Final Design

  10. Changes In Final Design(Throughout Process) • Removed the spring from the shaft. • Connected arrow to the ball-arm. • Added half-sphere to the stop.

  11. Components of Final Design • Base Feature • Ball-Arm • Top Retainer • Indicator Arrow • Putter • Spring (Removed from final assembly do to complications in Pro Mechanica).

  12. Base Feature

  13. Ball-Arm

  14. Top Retainer

  15. Indicator Arrow

  16. Putter

  17. Spring

  18. Assembly • Aligned center axis of base feature with center axis of the ball-arm. • Mated the ball-arm, indicator arrow, and top retainer.

  19. Putter Angle1 = 0.5236 radians Velocity = 0.17244 radians per second Angle2 = 0.4363 radians Velocity = 0.17244 radians per second Ball arm Angle1 = 0 radians Velocity = 0 radians per second Angle2 = 0 radians Velocity = 0 radians per second Initial Conditions

  20. Animation at 30º(click on image)

  21. Animation at 25º(click on image)

  22. Results • Angular Acceleration • Angular Velocity • Joint Force • Joint Torque • Shoulder Force • Shoulder Torque • Point Acceleration • Point Position • Point Velocity

  23. Angle 25° Angular Acceleration (radians/second2) Time (seconds) Angular Acceleration (radians/second2) Angle 30° Time (seconds) Angular Acceleration

  24. Angle 25° Angular Velocity (radians/second) Time (seconds) Angle 30° Angular Velocity (radians/second) Time (seconds) Angular Velocity

  25. Angle 25° Force (pounds) Time (seconds) Angle 30° Force (pounds) Time (seconds) Joint Force

  26. Angle 25° Torque (pound*inches) Time (seconds) Angle 30° Torque (pound*inches) Time (seconds) Joint Torque

  27. Angle 25° Force (pounds) Time (seconds) Angle 30° Force (pounds) Time (seconds) Shoulder Force

  28. Angle 25° Torque (pound*inches) Time (seconds) Angle 30° Torque (pound*inches) Time (seconds) Shoulder Torque

  29. Angle 25° Angular Acceleration (radians/second2) Time (seconds) Angular Acceleration (radians/second2) Angle 30° Time (seconds) Point Acceleration

  30. Angle 25° Distance (radians) Time (seconds) Angle 30° Distance (radians) Time (seconds) Point Position

  31. Angle 25° Angular Velocity (radians/second) Time (seconds) Angle 30° Angular Velocity (radians/second) Time (seconds) Point Velocity

  32. Limitations • Scale is not calibrated. • Indicator arrow does not help golfer find velocity, distance, or force. • Linear spring may affect results. • Ball-arm hits support for scale. • Motion never stops.

  33. Possible Improvements • Different source of resistance. • Move support for scale.

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