What are the PICO elements in systematic review? – Pubrica

1. What are the PICO Elements in Systematic Review Dr. Nancy Agens, Head, Technical Operations, Pubrica sales@pubrica.com In Brief used in organizing framework to list terms in the search questions by the main concepts and such frameworks will also be very helpful for teams doing a systematic without review information specialist. focuses on the Population, framework Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes and it is a commonly used tool quantitative systematic review to identify different components of clinical evidence for a systematic review, and the Cochrane recognizes it. Collaboration The PICO framework is used in evidence- based practice and especially in evidence- based medicine to formulate a clinical or healthcare related , the PICO framework is systematic review also used to develop literature search strategies to ensure the comprehensive and bias-free searches. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions mentioned using the PICO framework as a model for developing a review question, thus ensures that the relevant components of the question are well defined. I. INTRODUCTION A systematic review supporting evidence-based practices and healthcare decisions primarily through quantitative approach whereby a complete search is conducted in attempting to identify all the related publications which are integrated and assimilated through statistical analysis. The crucial factor for a systematic review is a comprehensive search process as it can be viewed as preventing the risk of bias providing quality available research. However, current research investigation process mainly focuses on different methods to ensure the comprehensive and bias-free searches for quantitative systematic reviews of time consumption and resources requirement in completing a systematic literature search, multiple efforts have been made to study the sensitivity of searches, and thus it reduces the amount of time spent reviewing irrelevant articles which are of no use. Through devising a , a search tool has been search strategy an experienced The PICO a question. In is a method and thus representation of Fig 1. PICO Practitioners of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) often use a specialized framework, called PICO, to form the question and facilitate the literature search. A systematic review question typically focused on narrow parameters and usually fitted into the PICO question format . Because . P – Patient | Population Copyright © 2020 pubrica. All rights reserved 1

2. Most important characteristics of patients. Examples: Gender, age, and disease or condition O – Outcome What you are trying to accomplish, improve, measure, affect. Examples: Reduced mortality or morbidity, and improved memory I – Intervention or exposure Main intervention. Examples: Drug treatment, diagnostic and screening test PICO can be used along with the variant such as PICOS (S-Study design), PICOC (C-Context), and PICOT (T-timeframe). C – Comparison or control Main alternative. Examples: Standard therapy, placebo, no treatment, and a gold standard Table 1: Search Strategy conceptualizing model for evidence-based medicine. The PICO framework will also help in reducing the time and retrieving related documents, thus ensures bias-free quality systematic review helps to determine the transparency of evidence synthesis results and findings. The PICO model was developed to help structure a well-built clinical question enable a literature search citations. Since its introduction, it has played an essential and of relevant , and it also role as a Copyright © 2020 pubrica. All rights reserved 2

3. REFERENCE 1. Wilson, MC, Richardson, WS, Nishikawa, J & Hayward, RS 1995, 'The well-built clinical question: A key to evidence-based decisions', ACP Journal Club, vol. 123, no. 3, pp. A12-A12. The Systematic Review: An Overview American Journal of Nursing: March 2014 - Volume 114 - Issue 3 - p 53-58. DOI: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000444496.24228.2c Mette Brandt Eriksen, The impact of patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) as a search strategy tool on literature search quality: a systematic review, J Med Libr Assoc. 2018 Oct; 106(4): 420–43. DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2018.345 Alex Pollock and Eivind Berge, How to do a systematic review, International Journal of Stroke 2018, vol. 13(2) 138–156. DOI: 10.1177/1747493017743796 2. 3. 4. Copyright © 2020 pubrica. All rights reserved 3