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WAR

WAR. ‘Now God be thanked who has matched me to this hour ‘ ‘What passing bell for those who die as cattle ? WAR IS– Glorious, patriotic, brings out the best in human nature Vile, brings out the beast and the worst in human nature. Facts and Causes. Studying wars ..... Facts can be proved

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WAR

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  1. WAR • ‘Now God be thanked who has matched me to this hour ‘ • ‘What passing bell for those who die as cattle ? • WAR IS– • Glorious, patriotic, brings out the best in human nature • Vile, brings out the beast and the worst in human nature

  2. Facts and Causes Studying wars ..... Facts can be proved Causes are subjective, open to argument , bias , revision . In an international school whose history are you teaching?

  3. Why do people go to war ? • Discuss with your neighbour your answers

  4. Some reasons… • Honour • Power • Land • Wealth • Prestige • Resources , oil , gold, • Empire • A moral purpose • Religion …………………………..Human nature !

  5. Searching for truth • Consider the point of view of each side.... • The answer is not necessarily the middle way • Wars work through propaganda • Nationalism can obscure the truth. • The nearer to today the more difficult to consider all the evidence • The earlier the period the more difficult for lack of evidence

  6. Attitudes that encourage war... • A Professional army • Nationalism • A strong belief in a cause • Greed • Glorification of war • Propaganda

  7. Consider Henry V’s speech before Harfleur .. How does he create enthusiasm for war ....

  8. Enthusiasm for War • Band of brothers • Patriotism • National Identity • ‘God with us’ • Sacrifice • Honour • Excitement • A just cause • Is there such a thing as a JUST WAR

  9. The Criteria for waging a JUST WAR Just Cause Right intention Proper authority and public declaration Last resort Probability of success Proportionality

  10. Conducting a just war Non combatants must not be directly attacked The means used for fighting should be proportionate to the goals • What wars on your list would pass the test of a just war ?

  11. Pacifism Anti-War movements • Pax Romana • (did not include barbarians ) • Quakers ‘ Friends’ Red Cross • Ambulance unit • INDIVIDUAL CAMPAIGNERS • Mohandas Ghandi William Lloyd Garrison • Fellowship of Reconciliation Conscientious objectors • Henry Hodgkin 16,000 in WW1 • 67,000 in WW2 +1000 women • Martin Luther King • Peace Pledge Union • Dick Shepherd 1935 Campaign for Nuclear • 130,000 postcards Disarmament • What anti-war organisations exist in your country ?

  12. Peace at Government LevelWho makes the decisions ? • The Congress System - Europe • Wilson’s 14 Points –end of 1914-18 war • 1919 Covenant of the League of Nations • Charter of the United |Nations 1948 • Declaration of Human Rights • Strategic Arms Limitations Talks • And........ • Do you think that WW1 changed attitudes to war for the future ?

  13. Studying wars ..... Remember ...causes are subjective, open to argument , bias , revision . Whose history are we teaching ?

  14. W.W. 1 • 100 years after the start of WW1 – • What examples can you give of good practice in teaching about this war ?

  15. War’s aim is nothing but glorious peace Peace is war’s purpose St Augustine

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