Ch 23 guided reading

1. Ch 23 guided reading

2. Make sure that you have each area marked correctly in your charts • Use the handouts of the drawings and the drawings posted online to help with concepts. The drawings online are for bio so they may not have everything you need but the handouts will. • This powerpoint will be posted online as well

3. Invertebrates

4. porifera • Filter feeder which means they filter food from the water as it enters their pores • Sexual and asexual- budding or regeneration; hermaphrodites but want a mate for diversity • Asymmetry- no symmetry • No tissues, just cells that do not work together as a unit

5. Acoleomate- no body cavity. Pictures in the regular bio book may help on page 600 or 460 in your book • No nervous system • Only example is a sponge • Most primitive; barely an animal Pictures pg 462 in book

7. Cnidarian • Gastrovascular cavity used mostly for digestion, circulation, gas exchange and movement. • Sexual and asexual- budding; hermaprodites • Radial symmetry picture in book pg 459 • Two tissue layers- endoderm (inner most) and ectoderm (outer most) • Acoelomate- no body cavity • Nerve net for simple sensation

8. Jellyfish, sea anemones, coral and hydra • Two body forms; medusa- mouth down and free floating like jellyfish pg 464 or polyp which is attached and mouth up like the rest of the examples pg 464 \ • Also has nematocysts- or stinging cells • 3 classes: • Anthozoan- sea anemone and coral • Scyphozoan- jellyfish • Hydrozoan- hydra A jellyfish will not intentionally sting you but if it runs into you it will sense the pressure and release the barbs in the tentacles that sting

9. Pictures page 464 and 465

10. Flatworm (Platyhelminth) • Gastrovascular cavity – similar to cnidarian • Sexual or asexual- regeneration; hermaphrodites • Bilateral symmetry pg 459 • All three tissue layers- endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm • Acoelomate pg 460

11. Cephalization- formation of sensory organs at the anterior portion of the organism • Tapeworm and fluke • They are mostly parasites Page 467

13. Rotifers • Digestive tract • Asexual • Bilateral • All three tissue layers • Pseudocoelomate because the mesoderm is not complete pg 460 • Cephalization • No examples and no uniques

14. Annelida • Earthworm eats soil; leeches eat blood • Pharynx- passage way for food from mouth to intestine • Crop- storage chamber for food • Gizzard- grinds the food • Sexual reproduction; hermaphrodites • Bilateral symmetry • All three tissue layers • Coelom- first one with a true mesoderm- fluid filled cavity

15. Cephalization- formation of sensory organs at the anterior portion of the organism • Simple brain called a ganglia • Examples are earthworms and leeches • Unique- segmented bodies Page 469 and 470

17. Molluska • Visceral mass- where all the internal organs are located ; which is protected by the shell (mantle) • Radula- specialized tongue with small teeth that scrap food off of rocks and other surfaces • Filter feeder- filter food particles from the water

18. Reproduction in through the visceral mass • Bilateral symmetry • All three tissue layers • Coelom • Cephalization • Examples clam, octopus, squid, snail • Octopus most advanced and most intelligent of all invertebrates • Unique; foot for movement, mantle for protection, gills for respiration

19. Three classes: • Gastropods • Snail • Bivalves • Clams, oysters • Cephalopods • Squid, octopus Page 472 and 473

21. Nematoda – Roundworm • Digestive tract • Sexual • Bilateral • All three tissue layers • Pseudocoelomate • Cephalization • Examples are trichinella and ascaris • Unique; parasites to animals and plants Page 474

22. Arthropods • Digestive tract • Sexual • Bilateral • All three tissue layers • Coelom • Cephalization • Examples; spiders, lobster, crab, millipede, butterfly

23. Unique; jointed appendages • Which means the legs join together at the abdomen • Classes • Chelicerates • Specialized mouth part for grasping prey • Myriapods • Mandibles and antennae • Crustaceans • Exoskeleton • Hexapods • Six legged

24. Page 477, 476, 478, 480, 482

25. Echinoderm • Water vascular system- water filled canals attached to tube feet; used for gas exchange, locomotion and feeding • Inside out stomach; stomach actually folds out of the body of the echinoderm, eats and then goes back into the echinoderm • Sexual, asexual- regeneration • Bilateral

26. All three tissue layers • Coelom • No cephalization, nerve cords • Examples are sea star (star fish), sea urchins, sand dollars and sea urchins • Unique; endoskeleton Page 484

27. Vertebrates

28. Fish • Groups • Cartilage fish; sharks • Bony fish; catfish, salmon • Paired fins • Scales • Gills • 2 chamber (one ventricle and one atrium) single loop (drawing in your attachments)

29. Unique • Swim bladder- fills up with air and make the fish more buoyant so they can move up and down • Operculum- protective layers over the gills that open and close and move water over the gills even if the fish is not moving • Ectotherm- relies on their environment for their internal temperature

30. Amphibian • Members; frog, toad and salamander • Webbed feet – adaptation for both swimming and walking • Moist and smooth integument. Must stay moist to breath • Cutaneous breathing- respiration through the moist skin ( this is along with the use of lungs )

31. 3 chamber heart ( one ventricle and two atrium) double loop (see attached pictures) • Unique; lay their eggs in water but live adult live on land – dual life • Ectotherm

32. Reptile • Turtle, lizard, snake, alligator • Strong toes with claws • Overlapping scales that make an water tight layer • Lungs • Almost 4 chamber heart ( partially divided ventricle) double loop • Exception is the crocodile- it has a 4 chamber heart

33. Unique; amniote- amniotic fluid surrounds the embryo inside the egg • Ectotherm

34. Bird • Bird of prey and humming bird • Wings • Feathers and scales (on legs) • Lungs with air sacs – which increase storage of air for long term use • 4 chambered hearts; double loop • Unique; hard eggs • Endotherm

35. Mammal • Monotremes, marsupials, and placentals ( more on next slide) • Nothing in the appendages box • Hair • Lungs with alveoli- specialized air sacs • 4 chambered hearts; double loop • Unique; internal fertilization, sweat glands, mammary glands • Endotherm

36. Marsupial • Ovoviviparous – partially developed at birth, move into a pouch to continue development • Monotreme • Oviparous- partially developed, may still need to develop limbs • Placental • Viviparous- fully developed at birth, just need to mature

37. Vertebrate body plan • Anterior skull with brain • Internal skeleton supported by vertebrate • Internal organs in coelom • Circulatory system and heart

38. All chordates • Dorsal hollow nerve cord • Post anal tail • Notochord- turns into vertebrate • Pharyngeal slits- lost as adults, forms anatomy that takes up oxygen and carbon dioxide out