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Anatomy of Oral Cavity, Pharynx & Oesophagus

Anatomy of Oral Cavity, Pharynx & Oesophagus. Dr. Vishal Sharma. Oral Cavity. Parts of Oral Cavity. Floor of mouth. Lymphatic drainage. Intrinsic tongue muscles. Extrinsic tongue muscles. Coronal section of tongue. Actions of tongue muscles. Inferior Longitudinal: moves tip up & down

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Anatomy of Oral Cavity, Pharynx & Oesophagus

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  1. Anatomy of Oral Cavity, Pharynx & Oesophagus Dr. Vishal Sharma

  2. Oral Cavity

  3. Parts of Oral Cavity

  4. Floor of mouth

  5. Lymphatic drainage

  6. Intrinsic tongue muscles

  7. Extrinsic tongue muscles

  8. Coronal section of tongue

  9. Actions of tongue muscles Inferior Longitudinal: moves tip up & down Superior Longitudinal: moves tip up & down Transverse: narrows & lengthens tongue Vertical: flattens & depresses tongue Genioglossus:Prevents tongue from falling back Styloglossus: Pulls tongue up & back Palatoglossus: Pulls tongue back Hyoglossus: Depresses tongue

  10. Nerve Supply of Tongue *** except palatoglossus which is supplied by pharyngeal plexus

  11. Nerve Supply of Tongue

  12. Papillae in tongue

  13. Papillae in tongue Lingual taste buds sit on lateral borders of raised papillae. They are classified as: • Fungiform:at tip & sides of tongue • Circumvallate: just in front of terminal sulcus • Foliate:at posterior lateral margins of tongue • Filiform: centre of tongue, have no taste buds

  14. Papillae in tongue

  15. Tongue Map ? • Sweet = Sucrose • Salty = NaCl • Sour = HCl • Bitter = Quinine • Umami = Glutamate

  16. Taste Bud

  17. Taste Pathway

  18. Pharynx

  19. Divisions

  20. Divisions

  21. Anterior Relations

  22. Nasopharynx

  23. Nasopharyngeal isthmus

  24. Nasopharyngeal Isthmus Separates nasopharynx from oropharynx Bounded anteriorly by soft palate & posteriorly by mucosal ridge on nasopharyngeal wall called Passavant’s ridge (due to palatopharyngeus) Closure of this isthmus prevents nasal regurgitation & nasal intonation

  25. Parts of Oropharynx

  26. Parts of Oropharynx

  27. Oropharyngeal Isthmus

  28. Oropharyngeal Isthmus Separates oral cavity from oropharynx Boundaries are: Superior: Junction between hard & soft palate Inferior:Circumvallate papillae Lateral: Anterior tonsillar pillars (palatoglossus)

  29. Waldeyer’s Tonsillar Ring

  30. Waldeyer's tonsillar ring Vertically oriented, sub-epithelial lymphoid tissue ring located in pharynx, thought to function as a barrier to infection in first few years of life.Named after nineteenth century German anatomist Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz.

  31. Parts of Hypopharynx

  32. Coronal section of Pharynx

  33. Layers of Pharyngeal Wall • Mucosa:ciliated columnar in nasopharynx & stratified squamous elsewhere • Pharyngo-basilar fascia • Longitudinal muscles:stylo-pharyngeus + salpingo-pharyngeus + palato-pharyngeus • Constrictor muscles:superior + middle + inferior • Bucco-pharyngeal fascia

  34. Muscles

  35. Nerve Supply • Nasopharynx:pterygo-palatine ganglion (V2) • Oropharynx:glossopharyngeal & vagus nv • Hypopharynx:Superior & recurrent laryngeal nv • All muscles bypharyngeal nerve plexus(vagus nv carrying cranial part of accessory nv) except stylopharyngeus (glossopharyngeal nv) & cricopharyngeus (also by recurrent laryngeal)

  36. Arterial Supply • Facial artery • Lingual artery • Ascending pharyngeal artery • Ascending palatine artery • Greater palatine artery • Artery of pterygoid canal • Superior laryngeal artery

  37. Venous Drainage Upper pharynx: • Pharyngeal venous plexus situated on middle constrictor  pterygoid venous plexus & internal jugular vein Lower pharynx: • Inferior thyroid veins

  38. Lymphatic Drainage • Nasopharynx: upper deep cervical + retro- pharyngeal + parapharyngeal + posterior triangle • Oropharynx:upper deep cervical + retro- pharyngeal + parapharyngeal • Hypopharynx: deep cervical + parapharyngeal + paratracheal + supraclavicular

  39. Killian’s Dehiscence

  40. Killian’s Dehiscence • Triangular weak area between thyropharyngeus & cricopharyngeus part of inferior constrictor • Mucosa herniates through it to form hypo-pharyngeal pouch (Zenker’s diverticulum) • Perforation occurs here during forceful oesophagoscopy (gateway of tears)

  41. Oesophagus

  42. Introduction • Also called gullet • 23 to 25 cm long • Extends from crico-pharyngeal sphincter(C6 vertebra)to cardiac orifice of stomach(T11 vertebra)

  43. Anterior Curvature Follows antero- posterior curve of vertebral column through neck, thorax (postr mediastinum) & upper abdomen

  44. Lateral curvatures Starts in midline →deviates to left at C7→ returns to midline at T5 →deviates to left again at T7to reach gastric cardia

  45. Natural Constrictions

  46. Natural Constrictions

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