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BRAZIL

BRAZIL. The Struggle for Unity, Economic Modernization and Upward International Mobility: 1823 - 1964. Regions of Brazil. REGIONS I. The heartland (Southeast - 42% population, 60%GDP, 11% area) The south (15% population, 17% GDP, 7% area)

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BRAZIL

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  1. BRAZIL The Struggle for Unity, Economic Modernization and Upward International Mobility: 1823 - 1964

  2. Regions of Brazil

  3. REGIONS I • The heartland (Southeast - 42% population, 60%GDP, 11% area) • The south (15% population, 17% GDP, 7% area) • The center-west ( 8% population, 6% GDP, 25% area)

  4. Regions of Brazil

  5. REGIONS II • the north (6% population, 3% GDP, 40% area) • the northeast (29% population, 13% GDP 18% area)

  6. PEOPLE • Amerindians • Portuguese • African-Brazilians • Japanese • Other Europeans • Spanish • Germans • Italians

  7. Road to INDEPENDENCE (1808 – 1824) • Portuguese Court taken by British fleet to Rio de Janeiro • Centralization under Joao VI • End of the Napoleonic Wars • British aid Brazilian Independence

  8. Empire (1824-1889) • Primacy of British Economic Influence • Plantation Economy • Coffee • Cacao • Sugar • Issue of Slavery • French Orientation of Royal Court • Conspiracy of the Fazenderos

  9. FirstRepublic 1889-1930 • Decentralization • The Coffee Economy • Shift to São Paulo • Reinvestment of profits from coffee • Dominant States • São Paulo • Minas Gerias • Rio Grande do Sul

  10. Rise of Getúlio Vargas • The revolution of 1930 • São Paulo revolt (1932-37) • O Estado Novo (1937-45) • Supression of embryonic democracy • Fascism “light” • Vargas becomes ally of the United States • U. S. troops use Natal as jumping off point to battle Rommel in North Africa • Brazil offers to send a division to fight along side of the United States

  11. Brazilian Military in WW II • Saw Combat in Italy • After initial defeat performed well • Military valued its experience fighting by side of the U.S.

  12. Overthrow of Getúlio Vargas • Returning military blames lack of preparation on Vargas • FEB overthrows O Estado Novo Brazilian • President Truman does nothing to “save” the Vargas government • Beginning of alienation between United States and the Brazilian left

  13. Second Republic: Democracy Frustrated (1946-1964) • Constitution of 1946 • Modeled on U.S. constitution • Structure so as not to threaten the large land owners of the Northeast • Political Parties • UND • PSD • PTB • Regional - local parties

  14. Second Republic: Democracy Frustrated (1946-1964) Governments • Vargas: “The Last Hurrah” (1951-54) • Vargas wins as candidate of PTB • Military officer corps remains suspicious • Efforts to advance social revolution frightens the middle class

  15. BRASILIA

  16. Mercurial Janio Quadros • Reform governor of São Paulo • First UDN presidential victory • Resignation frustrates the military and weakens the democratic regime

  17. Mercurial Janio Quadros • Reform governor of São Paulo • First UDN presidential victory • Resignation frustrates the military and weakens the democratic regime

  18. End of the Second Republic • Pressures for Military Intervention • Conflictual social polarization • Middle class fears of workers • Attempt to divide the military along officer – enlisted lines • Role of the United States government

  19. Coup of March 31/April 1, 1964 • Humberto Castelo Branco assumes power • Military demobilizes potential opponents • President Goulart flees to Uruguay • Key elected officials of PTB removed from office • “Demobilization” portrayed as temporary

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