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2. Educational outcomes. The purpose of this presentation is to explain how toreference using both direct quotes and paraphrases.After completing this PowerPoint presentation, you will bebetter able to:Explain how to reference using (a) direct quotes and (b) paraphrasesDescribe the advantages
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1. 1 Using direct quotes and
paraphrases in academic writing
Office for Learning and Teaching
in Economics and Business
www.econ.usyd.edu.au/OfficeOfLearningAndTeaching
Last Updated January, 2006
Voice over by James Whisker
Click here to read
“About this presentation”
Welcome to this presentation which aims to help you improve the way you use direct quotes and paraphrasing in your academic writing.
This presentation was developed within CALEB, The Centre to Advance Learning in Economics and Business.
The PowerPoint has a voice over for the text.
In most instances the voice over follows the words on the slides but sometimes, the voice over provides some elaboration of key points. For example, on slide 8, each point is elaborated with additional detail in the voice over.
If you want to read the presentation without the narration, you turn it off by first going to the Slide Show menu and clicking “Set Up Show”.
To turn narration on or off, clear or select the Show without narration check box.
Welcome to this presentation which aims to help you improve the way you use direct quotes and paraphrasing in your academic writing.
This presentation was developed within CALEB, The Centre to Advance Learning in Economics and Business.
The PowerPoint has a voice over for the text.
In most instances the voice over follows the words on the slides but sometimes, the voice over provides some elaboration of key points. For example, on slide 8, each point is elaborated with additional detail in the voice over.
If you want to read the presentation without the narration, you turn it off by first going to the Slide Show menu and clicking “Set Up Show”.
To turn narration on or off, clear or select the Show without narration check box.
2. 2 Educational outcomes The purpose of this presentation is to explain how to
reference using both direct quotes and paraphrases.
After completing this PowerPoint presentation, you will be
better able to:
Explain how to reference using (a) direct quotes and (b) paraphrases
Describe the advantages of paraphrasing
Describe some important steps involved with the process of creating a paraphrase Slide 2: Educational Outcomes
Direct quotes and paraphrases are 2 key methods that students need to use to refer to sources in their academic writing.
The purpose of this presentation is to explain how to reference using both direct quotes and paraphrases.
After completing this PowerPoint presentation, you will be better able to:
Explain how to reference using (a) direct quotes and (b) paraphrases
Describe the advantages of paraphrasing, and
Describe some important steps involved with the process of creating a paraphraseSlide 2: Educational Outcomes
Direct quotes and paraphrases are 2 key methods that students need to use to refer to sources in their academic writing.
The purpose of this presentation is to explain how to reference using both direct quotes and paraphrases.
After completing this PowerPoint presentation, you will be better able to:
Explain how to reference using (a) direct quotes and (b) paraphrases
Describe the advantages of paraphrasing, and
Describe some important steps involved with the process of creating a paraphrase
3. 3 Why we use quotes and paraphrases The use of direct quotes and paraphrases to support your
discussion and argument is vital for quality academic writing and to
avoid claims of plagiarism. Students can use direct quotes and
paraphrases, to achieve many purposes such as:
To orientate the reader in the introduction of an essay to key research in the field
To show how significant a topic is
To support the claims made in the essay or task
To outline, explain, compare and / or give examples of varying opinions in the field or highlight a position that a student may wish to agree or disagree with
To demonstrate broad reading and knowledge on a topic
(Note: this list is not exhaustive) Slide 3: Why we use quotes and paraphrases
The use of direct quotes and paraphrases is vital for quality academic writing and also to avoid claims of plagiarism.
Students can use source material, in the form of direct quotes and paraphrases, to achieve many purposes such as:
To orientate the reader in the introduction of an essay to key research in the field
To show how significant a topic is
To support the claims made in the essay or task
To outline, explain, compare and / or give examples of varying opinions in the field
To highlight a position that a student may wish to agree or disagree with and finally,
To demonstrate broad reading and knowledge on a topicSlide 3: Why we use quotes and paraphrases
The use of direct quotes and paraphrases is vital for quality academic writing and also to avoid claims of plagiarism.
Students can use source material, in the form of direct quotes and paraphrases, to achieve many purposes such as:
To orientate the reader in the introduction of an essay to key research in the field
To show how significant a topic is
To support the claims made in the essay or task
To outline, explain, compare and / or give examples of varying opinions in the field
To highlight a position that a student may wish to agree or disagree with and finally,
To demonstrate broad reading and knowledge on a topic
4. 4 Direct quotes In general, quotations should be used infrequently in academic
writing. You should use a quotation only when you need to:
Include an author’s language that is particularly effective, well-stated, important within the discipline, historically significant, or striking or unique
Present an idea or opinions that either cannot be paraphrased concisely or cannot be paraphrased without changing the meaning in some way
Present an idea or position to critique, comment upon or agree/disagree with (this position should be one that cannot be easily stated through paraphrasing) Slide 4: Direct quotes
A direct quote occurs when students use words from a source “exactly” as they are written in the original.
In general, quotations should be used infrequently in academic writing. You should a quotation only when you need to:
Include an author’s language that is particularly effective, well-stated, important within the discipline, historically significant, or striking or unique
Present an idea or opinions that either cannot be paraphrased concisely or cannot be paraphrased without changing the meaning in some way
Present an idea or position to critique, comment upon or agree/disagree with (this position should be one that cannot be easily stated through paraphrasing)Slide 4: Direct quotes
5. 5 An example of a direct quote This is an appropriate use of a direct quote because it used the author’s own emotive words to provide a strong opinion and also because it combines the direct quote with paraphrasing from the original text. On the basis of empirical evidence, Weller and Webber (2001) argue that there has been growing polarisation of the Australian labour force and that “precarious and unstable careers have been the outcome of the structural changes in the economy” (p.192), at least in the textiles, clothing and footwear industries.
