The Cold War 1945-89

1. The Cold War 1945-89

5. The Cold War • Years of tension & hostility between Superpowers • U.S. Vs. USSR • War of ideas • Communism Vs. Democracy • Capitalism Vs. command • Arms Race, Space Race, etc.

6. The End of WWII • Democracy restored to nations of Western Europe • Aided by U.S. & G. Britain • Eastern Europe occupied by armies of USSR • Stalin supported the establishment of pro communist governments in the Region

9. Yalta Conference 1945 • Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin • Germany would be divided into zones of occupation • Stalin promises Eastern European countries will have free elections

10. Potsdam Conference • Stalin, Truman,Attlee • Stalin refuses free elections in Eastern European countries • Establishes satellite nations (pro communist governments) in occupied countries

11. “An Iron Curtain has descended across Europe”-W. Churchill1946 • Western Europe – Democratic • Eastern Europe- Communist

12. A Wall Divides Europe

14. U.S. Policy of Containment • U.S. policy of blocking further Communist expansion • Limiting Communism to regions already under Communist control • Creating alliances,aiding weak countries, military action • Ex. Vietnam, Korea, Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine

15. Truman Doctrine 1947 • U.S. sent military & financial aid to Turkey& Greece • Dictated US foreign policy for years to come • $400 Million • Helping them resist communist forces • Proved successful

16. The Marshall Plan June 1947 • U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall • Massive economic aid package for European Recovery • 12.5 Billion in loans • Strengthened Democracies in Europe • Lessened the appeal of communism

17. Marshall Plan

19. Crisis in Germany • Germany is divided into 4 occupational zones • US, France, Britain USSR • Division is supposed to be temporary • Tensions grew between East & West • Stalin feared a strong united Germany

20. The Berlin Blockade • Berlin the divided capital was located in the Eastern sector • 1948- three western zones unified • Stalin responded by attempting to to force the allies out of Berlin • Closed of all land routes to city • Shut off supplies to city

21. The Berlin Airlift • American & British response to blockade • Yearlong airlift of food, fuel & medicine into Western Berlin • Planes fly around the clock missions • The Soviets end blockade in 1949

23. Operation Viddles • Planes took off & landed every 3 minutes • 277,000 flights • 2.3 million tons of supplies

24. A Divided Germany • 1949-German Democratic Republic (East Germany)-Communist • 1949-German Federal Republic(West Germany)- Democratic • Division would last until 1990

25. The Berlin Wall • 1961-East Germany constructed a wall that separated East from West Berlin • Known as the “wall of death” • The Wall’s destruction in 1989 symbolizes the fall of communism

27. The Wall of Death

28. The Berlin Wall

30. Opposing alliances • 1949-NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization • Defensive alliance • 10 Western European nations w/ US & Canada • Pledged to support each other if attacked

31. 1955 Warsaw Pact • Soviet Response to NATO • Also a defensive alliance • Alliance between USSR &7 of its Eastern European satellites countries

34. Arms Race • Stockpiling & development of the deadliest weapons • Atomic bomb US 1945/ USSR 1949 • Hydrogen Bomb US 1952/ USSR 1953 • Construction of ICBM’s Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles

35. Arms race raised the level of tension for over 40 years • Raised fears that conflict would destroy the world • Brinkmanship- willingness to go to the brink or edge of destruction

37. The Space Race • 1957USSR launched first satellite Sputnik • US founds NASA • 1961USSR launch first man in space • 1969 US lands on moon • US & USSR explored military use of spy satellites

38. The Cold War Heats UP • US & USSRNever clash head to head • They clashed through surrogate or representative states Vietnam

39. Korean War 1950-1953 • Following WWII Korea is divided @ 38th Parallel • North(Communist),South (non-communist) • 1950- N. Korea invades South • US Containment put to the test

40. UN forces led by Macarthur prevented communist takeover • Three years of Back & forth fighting (Ping Pong) • Armistice signed in 1953 • Border is reset @ 38th Parallel

41. Korea remains divided • US troops patrol DMZ • Hot spot in the world today • North Korean construction of Nuclear weapons

42. THE DMZ

44. Cuba • 1959-Cuban revolutionary Fidel Castro overthrows the government • Becomes Communist state dependant upon USSR • Still rules today as dictator

45. 1961- Bay of Pigs Invasion • ExiledCuban Nationalists backed by US attempt overthrow of Castro • Invasion is crushed • Kennedy administration is humiliated

47. The Cuban Missile Crisis • USSR installs missile bases in Cuba • Threat to US security • US blockades Cuba • US & USSR brought to the brink of war (Brinkmanship)

48. Crisis is avoided after 13 days • USSR dismantles nuclear missiles

49. Vietnam War • 1954- France loses control of its colonies in Indochina to Communist/ Nationalist forces • Vietnam is divided @ the 17th Parallel • Communist(North) • Led by Ho Chi Minh • Anti-communist (South)

50. US forces sent in to prevent Communist from uniting Vietnam • Eisenhower’s “Domino Theory” • US pulls out in 1973/ Saigon falls in 1975 • Vietnam remains communist today