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REMEMBERING NINE OF THE WORST NATURAL DISASTERS . Part 3. (in terms of casualties)

Explore the aftermath of Typhoon Rammasun in the Philippines in July 2014, focusing on timely anticipatory actions taken, lessons learned from past disasters, and the importance of disaster preparedness and resilience.

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REMEMBERING NINE OF THE WORST NATURAL DISASTERS . Part 3. (in terms of casualties)

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  1. REMEMBERINGNINE OF THE WORST NATURAL DISASTERS . Part 3. (in terms of casualties) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

  2. AUGUST 1975 TYPHOON NINA AND BANQAIO DAM FAILURE:CHINA • DEATH TOLL ESTIMATED AT 229,000.

  3. Fast Forward to 2015 GLOBAL GOAL: Implementing the Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction From WCDRR

  4. LEARNING FROM GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIESPART 1: TYPHOONS

  5. CAUSES OF RISK WIND AND WATER PENETRATE BUILDING ENVELOPE UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES WINDOWS STORM SURGE TYPHOONS HEAVY PRECIPITATION GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES FLASH FLOODING (MUDFLOWS) LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)

  6. EXAMPLE: SUPER TYPHOON HAIYAN - - -A DISASTER LABORATORY FOR THE PHILIPPINES IN 2013- - -PAID OFF IN 2014

  7. SUPER TYPHOON HAIYAN DEVASTATED THE PHILIPPINES NOVEMBER 8-10, 2013

  8. HAIYAN REACHED THE PHILIPPINES: FRIDAY, NOV. 8

  9. HAIYAN: A SUPER TYPHOON

  10. WE PERPETUATE A FLAWED PREMISE: TYPHOON DISASTERS, WHICH OCCUR ANNUALLY, SHOULD BE ENOUGH TO MAKE ANY NATION SUSCEPTIBLE TO TYPHOONS ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES THAT WILL LEAD TO THEIR TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE

  11. FACT: IT USUALLY TAKES MULTIPLE DISASTERS BEFORE A STRICKEN NATION WILL ADOPT POLICIES TO MOVE TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE

  12. FACT: MOST UNAFFECTED NATIONS DON’T EVEN TRY TO LEARN ANYTHING NEW FROM ANOTHER NATION’S DISASTERS AND CERTAINLY DON’T CHANGE THEIR EXISTING POLICIES

  13. 2014 TYPHOON SEASONTYPHOON RAMMASUNTuesday, July 15, 2014

  14. TYPHOON RAMMASUN (a Thai term for “God of Thunder”) (AKA GLENDA locally) IMPACTED THE PHILIPPINESWednesday, July 16, 2014

  15. Rammasun (CAT 3) was the strongest storm to threaten the country since Haiyan, a Cat-5 "super typhoon" that wiped out nearly everything in its path when it crossed over the central Philippines in November, 2013.

  16. TYPHOON RAMMASUN

  17. JULY 14 • Typhoon Rammasun (the 7th storm of 2014 to hit the Philippines) arrived at Rapu-Rapu island in the eastern province of Albay with gusts of up to 160 kph (99 mph) and sustained winds of 130 kph (81 mph) near its centre.

  18. RAMMASUN WAS HEADED FOR MANILLA—THE FIRST DIRECT HIT ON THE CAPITOL IN FOUR YEARS—ON JULY 14, 2014

  19. TYPHOON RAMMASUN’S PREDICTED PATH

  20. THE PREMISE: BY NOW, THE PHILIPPINES SHOULD HAVE LEARNED THE LESSONS FROM PAST TYPHOONS DISASTER ON WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER A TYPHOON STRIKES

  21. - - - (AND THEY DID!!)THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES APPLIED THE VITAL LESSONS LEARNED8 MONTHS EARLIER FROM HAIYAN, AND MANY OTHERS

  22. TIMELY ANTICIPATORY ACTIONS • At least 300,000 people had already fled from their homes in Albay province alone. • However, many people were unwilling to evacuate.

  23. TIMELY ANTICIPATORY ACTIONS • Schools were closed. • International flights were cancelled. • The army was placed on high alert.

  24. PHYSICAL DETAILS • Typhoon Rammasun, with gusts of up to 160 kph (99 mph) and sustained winds of 130 kph (81 mph) near its centre, hit land over Rapu-Rapu island in the eastern province of Albay

  25. JULY 15,TYPHOON RAMMASUN WAS HEADED TOWARDS MANILLA

  26. GOOD NEWS ON JULY 16:The eye of Typhoon Rammasun made a late shift away from Manila, significantly reducing the damage to the capitol city of 17 million people.

  27. LESSON: THE TIMING OF ANTICIPATORY ACTIONS IS VITAL • The people who know: 1) what to expect (e.g., high-velocity winds, rain, flash floods, landslides, and storm surge),2) where and when it will happen, and 3) what they should (and should not) do to prepare will survive.

  28. JULY 14-16: TRACKING THE STORM IN MANILA OFFICE

  29. LESSON: TIMELY EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION SAVES LIVES • The people who have timely early warning in conjunction with a community evacuation plan that facilitates getting out of harm’s way from the risks associated with storm surge, high winds, flooding, and landslides will survive.

  30. A MAJOR FACTOR: FORTUNATELY, GOOD COMMUNICATIONS HAD MOTIVATED OVER 400,000 PEOPLE TO EVACUATE

  31. AN EVACUATION CENTER: LEGAZPI CITY

  32. LESSON: EMERGENCY RESPONSE SAVES LIVES • The “Uncontrollable and Unthinkable” events will always hinder the timing of emergency response operations.

  33. LESSON: EMERGENCY MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS SAVES LIVES • Damaged hospitals and medical facilities combined with lack of clean drinking water, food, and medicine, and high levels of morbidity and mortality will quickly overrun the local community’s capacity for emergency health care.

  34. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS • Flooded streets • Bridges washed out or impassible • Sea wall damaged • Airport closed; planes damaged on the runway • Landslides

  35. STRANDED AT INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT: MANILA

  36. Typhoon Rammasun’s peak winds of 150 kilometers (93 miles) per hour and gusts up to 185 kph (115 mph) caused major socio-economic impacts

  37. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS • The Capital’s functions were shut down for a time • Downed trees • Power outages • 20,000+ Roofs ripped off • Major roads blocked by debris

  38. MANILA BAY: TRYING TO REINFORCE FRAGILE HOUSES

  39. LESSON: WIND ENGINEERED BUILDINGS SAVE LIVES • Buildings engineered to withstand the risks from a typhoon’s high velocity winds will maintain their function and protect occupants and users from death and injury.

  40. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS • Damage to crops (rice and corn) was estimated at around 668 million pesos, or about $15 million.

  41. Good News: According to the Mayor of Manila, no deaths.However, 77 deaths were ultimately reported in other locations.

  42. MANILA BAY: EXAMPLE OF DAMAGE TO FRAGILE HOUSES

  43. REPLACING LIQUID GAS IN HOME

  44. FLOODED STREETS: QUEZON CITY

  45. FLOODED STREETS: QUEZON CITY, GREATER MANILA

  46. LOCAL “S AND R”

  47. Search and Rescue and Relief Efforts Will be Hampered by Landslides and Damaged Road Systems LESSON: All Kinds of Things Will go Wrong During the Emergency Response Period When the Uncontrollable and Unthinkable Happen.

  48. DOWNED TREE: MANILA

  49. STRENGTHENING A DAMAGED SEA WALL

  50. DAMAGED BRIDGE

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