Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and Sun

1. Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and Sun Section 1 Earth in Space

2. Section 1 – Earth in Space Objectives • After this lesson, you should be able to: • Identify the effects of Earth’s rotation and revolution • Explain what causes the seasons

3. Vocab • 1. astronomyThe study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space.

4. 2. axisAn imaginary line that passes through Earth’s center and the North and South poles, about which Earth rotates.

5. 3. rotationThe spinning motion of a planet about its axis.

6. 4. revolutionThe movement of an object around another object.

7. 5. orbitThe path of an object as it revolves around another object in space.

8. 6. solsticeThe two days of the year on which the noon sun is directly overhead at either 23.5° South or 23.5° North.

9. 7. equinoxThe two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun.

10. 8. vernal equinoxThe day of the year that marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere.

11. 9. autumnal equinoxThe day of the year that marks the beginning of fall in the Northern Hemisphere.

12. Notes • 1. Earth’s _________________ on its ______________________ causes night and day rotation axis

13. 2. A point on the equator rotates at about _________ kilometers/hour 1,600

14. 3. Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of ____________. 23.5

15. 4. We have seasons because: Its axis is tilted as it moves around the sun.

16. 5. The longest day of the year in the Northern hemisphere occurs on _____________(longest period of day light), while the shortest day occurs on ________________. (shortest period of day light) June 21 December 21

17. Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and Sun Section 2 Earth in Space

18. Section 2 – Phases, Eclipses, and Tides Objectives • After this lesson, you should be able to: • Explain what causes the phases of the moon • Compare the causes of solar and lunar eclipses • Explain what causes the tides

19. Vocab • 1. phaseOne of the different shapes of the moon as seen from Earth.

20. 2. eclipseThe partial or total blocking of one object by another.

21. ADD to top of page. • solar eclipseThe blocking of sunlight to Earth that occurs when the moon is between the sun and Earth.

22. 3. umbraThe darkest part of a shadow.

23. 4. penumbraThe part of a shadow surrounding the darkest part.

24. 5. lunar eclipseThe blocking of sunlight to the moon that occurs when Earth is directly between the sun and moon.

25. 6. tideThe rise and fall of the level of water in the ocean.

26. 7. gravityThe attractive force between two objects; its magnitude depends on their masses and the distance between them.

27. 8. spring tideA tide with the greatest difference between low and high tides.

28. 9. neap tideA tide with the least difference between low and high tides.

29. Notes • 1. The positions of the _______, __________, and the _________ cause the __________________, ______________, and _________. moon Earth sun phases of the moon eclipses tides

30. phase • 2. The ___________ of the moon you see depends on how much of the _________________ of the moon faces Earth. Sunlit side

31. Moon’s • 3. When the _________________ shadow hits Earth or the Earth’s _____________ hits the _______________, an ______________ occurs. shadow moon eclipse

32. 4. Lunar eclipses only occur during a _________ _________. moon full

33. Tides • 5. __________ occur mainly because of the differences in how much the __________ pulls on different parts of the Earth. moon

34. Intertidal zone • 6. An ________________ is a strip of land that is under water at high tide and dry land at low tide.

35. Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and Sun Section 3 Rockets and Satellites

36. Section 3 – Rockets and Satellites Objectives • After this lesson, you should be able to: • Explain how rockets travel in space • Describe what satellites and space stations are used for

37. 1. satelliteAny object that revolves around another object in space.

38. 2. geosynchronous orbitThe orbit of a satellite that revolves around Earth at the same rate that Earth rotates.

39. Sputnik 1 • 1. _____________ was the first artificial satellite launched in to orbit.

40. Yuri Gagarin • 2. ____________________became the first human launched into space on _______________________. April 12, 1961

41. 3. Four uses for satellites and space stations: • A. • B. • C. • D communication navigation collect weather data research

42. 4. The first Space Shuttle was launched in ________________. 1981

43. Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and Sun Section 4 Earth’s Moon

44. Section 4 – Earth’s Moon Objectives • After this lesson, you should be able to: • Describe features of the moon’s surface • Explain what scientists learned about the moon from space exploration • Describe the origin and structure of the moon.

45. 1. telescopeA device built to study distant objects by making them appear closer.

46. 2. craterA round pit on the moon’s surface.

47. 3. mariaDark, flat regions on the moon’s surface.

48. Notes • 1. The moon’s gravity is only about ___________ as strong’s as Earth’s. One-sixth

49. 3,476 • 2. The moon is ________ kilometers in diameter –a little less than the distance across the __________________. United States

50. 3. Three features of the moon include _________________, _______________, and _____________________. craters highlands maria (each one is a “mare”)