Biometrics for hostile intention detection: technology trends and policy challenges G nter Schumacher European Commi

1. NOTES 1. PLACE, DATE AND EVENT NAME 1.1. Access the slide-set place, date and event name text box beneath the JRC logo from the Slide Master. 1.2. Do not change the size nor the position of that text box. 1.3. Replace the mock-up texts for the place (�Place�), the date (�dd Month YYYY�) and the event name (�Event Name�) with your own texts. 1.4. Set it in MetaPlus Book Roman, if you own the typeface. Otherwise, keep the original typeface � Arial. 1.5. Keep the original flush-left justification. 1.6. Keep the original font colour (white). 1.7. Keep the original font body size (7 pt) and the text on one single line. 2. SLIDE NUMBER 2.1. The slide number on the banner�s lower right-hand side is automatically generated. 3. SLIDES 3.1. Duplicate the first slide as needed. 3.2. Do not change the size nor the position of the slide�s text box. 3.3. Try not to place more text on each slide than will fit in the given text box. 3.4. Replace the mock-up heading text (�Joint Research Centre (JRC)�) with your own text heading. 3.5. Set it in Eurostile Bold Extended Two or in Helvetica Rounded Bold Condensed, if you own one of these typefaces. Otherwise, keep the original typeface � Arial. 3.6. Keep the original flush-left justification. 3.7. Keep the original font colour (100c 80m 0y 0k). 3.8. Keep the original font body size (28 pt) and the heading on one single line whenever possible. Reduce the font body size if needed. 3.9. Replace the mock-up text (�The European Commission�s Research-Based Policy Support Organisation)�) with your own text. 3.10. Set it in MetaPlus Book Roman, if you own the typeface. Otherwise, keep the original typeface � Arial. 3.11. Keep the original flush-left justification. 3.12. Keep the original font colour (100c 80m 0y 0k). Use black if you need a second colour. 3.13. Keep the original font body size (22 pt) or reduce it if unavoidable. 3.14. Replace the EU-27 map mock-up illustration with your own illustration(s). 3.13. Try to keep your illustration(s) right- and top- or bottom-aligned with the main text box whenever possible. NOTES 1. PLACE, DATE AND EVENT NAME 1.1. Access the slide-set place, date and event name text box beneath the JRC logo from the Slide Master. 1.2. Do not change the size nor the position of that text box. 1.3. Replace the mock-up texts for the place (�Place�), the date (�dd Month YYYY�) and the event name (�Event Name�) with your own texts. 1.4. Set it in MetaPlus Book Roman, if you own the typeface. Otherwise, keep the original typeface � Arial. 1.5. Keep the original flush-left justification. 1.6. Keep the original font colour (white). 1.7. Keep the original font body size (7 pt) and the text on one single line. 2. SLIDE NUMBER 2.1. The slide number on the banner�s lower right-hand side is automatically generated. 3. SLIDES 3.1. Duplicate the first slide as needed. 3.2. Do not change the size nor the position of the slide�s text box. 3.3. Try not to place more text on each slide than will fit in the given text box. 3.4. Replace the mock-up heading text (�Joint Research Centre (JRC)�) with your own text heading. 3.5. Set it in Eurostile Bold Extended Two or in Helvetica Rounded Bold Condensed, if you own one of these typefaces. Otherwise, keep the original typeface � Arial. 3.6. Keep the original flush-left justification. 3.7. Keep the original font colour (100c 80m 0y 0k). 3.8. Keep the original font body size (28 pt) and the heading on one single line whenever possible. Reduce the font body size if needed. 3.9. Replace the mock-up text (�The European Commission�s Research-Based Policy Support Organisation)�) with your own text. 3.10. Set it in MetaPlus Book Roman, if you own the typeface. Otherwise, keep the original typeface � Arial. 3.11. Keep the original flush-left justification. 3.12. Keep the original font colour (100c 80m 0y 0k). Use black if you need a second colour. 3.13. Keep the original font body size (22 pt) or reduce it if unavoidable. 3.14. Replace the EU-27 map mock-up illustration with your own illustration(s). 3.13. Try to keep your illustration(s) right- and top- or bottom-aligned with the main text box whenever possible.

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5. Trend: From identity detection to behaviour detection Knowledge of identity not sufficient to prevent threats New focus: intention to cause harm

7. Behavioural Biometrics modalities Handwriting/ Signature Voice/ Speech Brain activity Electrocardiogram Eye blinking Polygraph (�lie detector�) . . .

8. Difference to traditional biometrics Traditional: Direct measurement of identifier Static identifiers Highly discriminatory Statistics based on genetics and environmental causes Profiling secondarily Applications mainly security related Risk: loss of physical assets Behavioural: Indirect measurement of identifier Dynamic identifiers Weakly discriminatory Statistics based on unknown causes Profiling primarily Applications security related and non-security related Risk: loss of �ethical� assets

9. Major Projects in this area:

11. FAST employs: A remote cardiovascularand respiratory sensor tomeasure heart rate and respiration A remote eye tracker Thermal cameras for thermal properties of the skin in the face A high resolution video that allows for highly detailed images of face and body A Wii balancing board

12. INDECT Automatic detection of threats and recognition of abnormal behaviour or violence Development of a prototype supporting the operational activities of police officers Surveillance of internet resources, analysis of the acquired information, and detection of criminal activities and threats Ethical board

13. ADABTS Definition and detection of �abnormal� behaviour versus �normal� behaviour Data from audio and video sensors will be combined with context information Ethical board

14. General problems with this type of approach: From document inspection to person inspection Everybody is under observation How to test �malintent� with using real attackers? How to deploy a technology with cannot be tested under real conditions?

15. Ethical threats (according to FIDIS project*): Discrimination (unjustified selection according to a profile) Stigmatisation (�sticky� profiles which impact the future of a person) Confrontation (with unwanted information) Unknown effects in linking dispersed information * Limited to behavioural biometrics for security

16. Potential remedies Template protection Transparency Enhancing Technology/Tools (TET) Training and awareness raising

17. Template protection �Template� means any abstraction of raw data �Protection� means any measure to prevent unlawful or unwanted conclusions from the templates Usually implemented through sophisticated cryptographic techniques Not much explored yet for behavioural modalities

18. TET Two categories (a.t. FIDIS) Type A: legal and technological instruments that provide a transfer of knowledge from data controller to data subjects Type B: legal and technological instruments that allow to estimate how one�s data match relevant group profiles that may affect one�s risks and opportunities Trust provision still an unsolved problem

19. Training and awareness raising Should start at school in general Should be emphasised through formal qualification (example: IEEE) Should be adapted with respect to the technology actually be used

20. NOTES 1. PLACE, DATE AND EVENT NAME 1.1. Access the slide-set place, date and event name text box beneath the JRC logo from the Slide Master. 1.2. Do not change the size nor the position of that text box. 1.3. Replace the mock-up texts for the place (�Place�), the date (�dd Month YYYY�) and the event name (�Event Name�) with your own texts. 1.4. Set it in MetaPlus Book Roman, if you own the typeface. Otherwise, keep the original typeface � Arial. 1.5. Keep the original flush-left justification. 1.6. Keep the original font colour (white). 1.7. Keep the original font body size (7 pt) and the text on one single line. 2. SLIDE NUMBER 2.1. The slide number on the banner�s lower right-hand side is automatically generated. 3. SLIDES 3.1. Duplicate the first slide as needed. 3.2. Do not change the size nor the position of the slide�s text box. 3.3. Try not to place more text on each slide than will fit in the given text box. 3.4. Replace the mock-up heading text (�Joint Research Centre (JRC)�) with your own text heading. 3.5. Set it in Eurostile Bold Extended Two or in Helvetica Rounded Bold Condensed, if you own one of these typefaces. Otherwise, keep the original typeface � Arial. 3.6. Keep the original flush-left justification. 3.7. Keep the original font colour (100c 80m 0y 0k). 3.8. Keep the original font body size (28 pt) and the heading on one single line whenever possible. Reduce the font body size if needed. 3.9. Replace the mock-up text (�The European Commission�s Research-Based Policy Support Organisation)�) with your own text. 3.10. Set it in MetaPlus Book Roman, if you own the typeface. Otherwise, keep the original typeface � Arial. 3.11. Keep the original flush-left justification. 3.12. Keep the original font colour (100c 80m 0y 0k). Use black if you need a second colour. 3.13. Keep the original font body size (22 pt) or reduce it if unavoidable. 3.14. Replace the EU-27 map mock-up illustration with your own illustration(s). 3.13. Try to keep your illustration(s) right- and top- or bottom-aligned with the main text box whenever possible. NOTES 1. PLACE, DATE AND EVENT NAME 1.1. Access the slide-set place, date and event name text box beneath the JRC logo from the Slide Master. 1.2. Do not change the size nor the position of that text box. 1.3. Replace the mock-up texts for the place (�Place�), the date (�dd Month YYYY�) and the event name (�Event Name�) with your own texts. 1.4. Set it in MetaPlus Book Roman, if you own the typeface. Otherwise, keep the original typeface � Arial. 1.5. Keep the original flush-left justification. 1.6. Keep the original font colour (white). 1.7. Keep the original font body size (7 pt) and the text on one single line. 2. SLIDE NUMBER 2.1. The slide number on the banner�s lower right-hand side is automatically generated. 3. SLIDES 3.1. Duplicate the first slide as needed. 3.2. Do not change the size nor the position of the slide�s text box. 3.3. Try not to place more text on each slide than will fit in the given text box. 3.4. Replace the mock-up heading text (�Joint Research Centre (JRC)�) with your own text heading. 3.5. Set it in Eurostile Bold Extended Two or in Helvetica Rounded Bold Condensed, if you own one of these typefaces. Otherwise, keep the original typeface � Arial. 3.6. Keep the original flush-left justification. 3.7. Keep the original font colour (100c 80m 0y 0k). 3.8. Keep the original font body size (28 pt) and the heading on one single line whenever possible. Reduce the font body size if needed. 3.9. Replace the mock-up text (�The European Commission�s Research-Based Policy Support Organisation)�) with your own text. 3.10. Set it in MetaPlus Book Roman, if you own the typeface. Otherwise, keep the original typeface � Arial. 3.11. Keep the original flush-left justification. 3.12. Keep the original font colour (100c 80m 0y 0k). Use black if you need a second colour. 3.13. Keep the original font body size (22 pt) or reduce it if unavoidable. 3.14. Replace the EU-27 map mock-up illustration with your own illustration(s). 3.13. Try to keep your illustration(s) right- and top- or bottom-aligned with the main text box whenever possible.

21. Thank you! Dr. G�nter Schumacher Guenter-Egon.Schumacher@jrc.ec.europa.eu