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Introduction to Mineral Classification

Learn how minerals are grouped based on chemical composition. Explore the Dana system and the classification of minerals like silicates, carbonates, oxides, sulfates, halides, sulfides, phosphates, nitrates, and native elements.

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Introduction to Mineral Classification

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  1. MINERAL CLASSIFICATION How minerals are grouped

  2. Classification • Minerals are generally grouped or classified based on their chemical composition. • Most common system is the Dana system. • Developed by Professor James Dana of Yale University in 1848.

  3. Mineral Composition • Minerals are usually compounds made of the most common elements in the crust

  4. Silicates • The largest group of minerals • Composed of: • Metal + SiO2 • Example: topaz • Al2SiO4(F,OH)3

  5. Carbonates • The second largest group of minerals • Composed of: • Metal + CO3 • Example: calcite • CaCO3

  6. Oxides • Composed of: • Metal + O • Example: magnetite • Fe3O4

  7. Sulfates • Composed of: • Metal + SO4 • Example: barite • BaSO4

  8. Halides • Composed of: • Metal + halogen • Halogens include: • Chlorine • Fluorine • Bromine • Iodine • Example: fluorite • CaF2

  9. Sulfides • Composed of: • Metal + S • Example: chalcocite • Cu2S

  10. Phosphates • Composed of: • Metal + PO4 • Example: Apatite • Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl)

  11. Nitrates • Composed of: • Metal + NO3 • Example: Niter • KNO3

  12. Native Elements • Composed of: • A single element • Example: Gold • Au

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