1. Nonparametric Tests • Nonparametric tests are those that do not rely on probability distributions for population parameters • They are used when • Data are badly skewed • Sample sizes are small • Data are not on an interval or ratio scale

2. Chi-Square and Goodness of Fit Test • Chi-square tests assess the differences in frequencies of two or more categories • This is commonly referred to as a goodness of fit test • Formula for a goodness of fit test

3. Interpreting a χ2 • Chi-squares are interpreted by comparing the obtained value from the formula to a critical value obtained from a table