Africa as a Global Player in the Supply and Demand of Energy

1. Africa as a Global Player in the Supply and Demand of Energy Nithin Seenivasan Frank Südbeck FH Aachen, Jülich. 4th November, 2011

2. Contents of the Presentation • Introduction • Fossil Fuels in Africa • Uranium in Africa • Renewable Energies in Africa • Problems plaguing Africa • Possible Solutions • Conclusion • References

3. Facts About Africa I • Population: • 920 Mio. people • 2,3% annual growth • Nigeria is the most populous country (162,471,000 inhabitants) • Size: • 30 322 573 km² • Algeriaisthelargestcountry (2,381,741 km²) Sources: UN, African Development Bank, creative commons

4. Facts About Africa II • GDP per Capita: • Africa (average) 970 USD/a • Burundi 300 USD/a • Germany 35.700 USD/a • Life expectancy: • Africa 54,4 years • Lesotho 45,6 years • Germany 80,1 years (retirement age 67) Sources: CIA, African Development Bank

5. Energy in Africa Source: “Oil and Gas Journal”, 2005 Source: uneca.org

6. Fossil Fuel in Africa

7. ProvedOiland Gas Reserves in Africa Source: BP 19.10.2011

8. OilProduction in Africa Source: AfriqueAvenir – Rise of African oil production

9. Oilconsumption • AlthoughAfrica has about 15% of the world‘s population and has a 12% share in global Oil Production it only consumes 3% of the globally consumed oil Source: BP

10. Gas Production and Consumption in Africa

11. Potential Huge Oil and gas fields are expected to be found in Africa: • Ghana, Kenia, South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania and Uganda are currently investing for on- and offshore hydrocarbon exploration • Not necessarily good news for Climate activists and CO2 reduction policies!

12. CoalReserves Source: BP Statistical review of world energy June 2010

13. CoalProduction • South Africa has Africa's only significant coal reserves. • It had 2009 coal production of 250.02 million tonnes, 4.13% of the world total. • South Africa is the world’s third largest coal exporting country, exporting around 25% of its production internationally • Total provedreserves 80408 Mt.

14. CoalConsumption • Electricity generation accounts for 43% of all coal consumed in • South Africa (1997 estimate). • Around 35% of liquid fuel used in South Africa is derived from coal • Still a primary energy source for cooking, lighting and heating in • many lower income families

15. Uranium in Africa

16. UraniumReserves Source: BBC, Sept 2002 Source: World NuclearAssociation

17. Renewable Energy in Africa

18. Solar Energy in Africa Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory

19. Solar Collectors Covering 0.3 Percent of the Sahara Could Power All of Europe Source: Popular Science, 22 Jun 09

20. DESERTEC Source: Desertec Foundation

21. CurrentUtilizationof Solar Energy Source: ngpowerenergyafrica.com

22. Wind Potential in Africa Source: Global Energy Network Institute

23. Biomass in Africa

24. Biomass in Africa Source: Charcoalproject.net

25. Hydropower Potential vs Installed Capacity Source: www.africaelectricity.com

26. Hydropower • Ethiopias Millennium Dam Project: • 5,250 MW ofelectricity • 4.7 U$ Billion investment • Operation startplannedfor 2017

27. The Trillian Dollar question “If Africa is so richly endowed with natural resources and such a huge potential for renewable resources, why is it still not a Global Player in Energy export?”

28. Problems Businesses Face Most problematic factors for doing business in Africa

29. Political Risks Source: Aon Risk Map, 2011

30. Political Risks – The Libya Example Source: African Development Bank

31. Possible Solutions I Millennium Development Goals “They are the eight international development goals that all 193 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organizations have agreed to achieve by the year 2015” Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4: Reduce child mortality rates Goal 5: Improve maternal health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development

32. Possible Solution II Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Source: greencleanguide.com

33. Conclusion Africa has the theoretical Renewable Energy Potential to power the whole world, so there is no doubt that Africa is richly endowed with Energy Resources. But it’s biggest obstacle today is ITSELF, since political instability and poor governance hinders rapid development. The Global Community has the duty to help Africa solve its internal problems and to develop its Energy sector in a Clean and Sustainable way, for the Energy future and Environmental benefit of the world.

34. References • http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Africa%20and%20Global%20Economic%20Trends-3Q2011.pdf • http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/ADB_Pocketbook_2010_web.pdf • http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Africa_Competitiveness_Report_2011-1.pdf • http://www.dpe.gov.za/parliamentary-906 • http://www.25degrees.net/index.php?option=com_zine&view=article&id=713:energy-in-south-africa-at-a-glance&Itemid=123 • http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf112.html • http://www.pwc.dk/da/publikationer/assets/renewable-electricity.pdf • http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/marrakech/EnergyConsumption.pdf • http://www.mbendi.com/indy/ming/coal/af/sa/p0005.htm • http://www.nrel.gov/gis/pdfs/swera/africa/africa_tilt.pdf • http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Full%20Document%20-%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20in%20Africa.pdf