ATERIOLES branch into glomerulus

1. ATERIOLESbranch into glomerulus NEPHRONfunctional unit of the kidney CORTEX location of glomeruli tubules of nephron and associated capillaries around tubules MEDULLA collecting tubules pass urine through medulla PELVIS collection of urine from all parts of the kidney

2. GLOMERULUS small capillary network, blood enters under high pressure BOWMAN’S CAPSULE blood plasma containing urea, water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and ions are forced out of capillaries into capsule Blood leaves under low pressure, contains cells and large proteins only Capillary network COLLECTING TUBULE takes urine from nephron to pelvis of kidney GLOMERULAR TUBULE as filtrate moves down, it has a higher concentration of amino acids, glucose, salts etc. than the blood, do they diffuse across. The tubule membrane is selectively permeable in that they do not allow the water, salts or urea to diffuse back into the blood. SELECTIVE REABSORPTION when concentration of glucose, amino acids, water and salts are equal in tubule and capillary ACTIVE TRANSPORT begins. ATP is used to force the amino acids, glucose etc back into the blood against the concentration gradient LOOP OF HENLE- water balance maintained

4. 1. ADH – antidiuretic hormone (vapospressin) RECEPTOR Hypothalamus TRANSMISSION ADH - vasopressin Rise in blood SOLUTES STIMULUS Drop in water concentration NORMAL BALANCE Hormone secretion increased EFFECTOR RESPONSE Kidney Increases permeability of tubules to water Water concentration rises in blood.

5. 2. ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR Kidney TRANSMISSION ALDOSTERONE Decrease in BLOOD PRESSURE STIMULUS NORMAL BALANCE Hormone secretion increased EFFECTOR RESPONSE Distal tubules Sodium ions actively reabsorbed, water moves into blood. Rise in blood pressure

6. RENAL DIALYSIS