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Spatial Databases

This article explores the functionalities and advantages of SpatiaLite and PostGIS as spatial databases that extend traditional database capabilities to include geographic features. SpatiaLite enhances SQLite's portability and ease of use, allowing seamless integration with QGIS and supporting various spatial data formats like ESRI shapefiles. PostGIS, built on PostgreSQL, is a robust enterprise solution that enables advanced geographic operations and is compatible with popular GIS applications. Together, these tools empower users to effectively manage and analyze spatial data.

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Spatial Databases

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  1. SpatiaLite & PostGIS Spatial Databases

  2. Spatial Databases An ordinary database has strings, numbers, and dates. A spatial database adds one or more additional types for representing geographic features. The basic geographic types are: • GEOMETRY (abstract superclass) • POINT (a single coordinate, usually but not necessarily two dimensional) • LINESTRING (a set of two or more coordinates, with a linear interpretation of the path between the coordinates) • LINEARRING (a linestring of three or more coordinates in which the start and end points are the same, usually used to build polygons) • POLYGON (a set of one or more closed linearrings, one exterior ring that defines a bounded area, and a set of interior rings that define exceptions (holes) to the bounded areas) • MULTIPOINT (a set of points) • MULTILINESTRING (a set of linestrings) • MULTIPOLYGON (a set of polygons) • GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (a heterogeneous set of geometries)

  3. SpatiaLite • Spatially enables SQLite • SQLite is a simple, robust, easy to use and really lightweight DBMS • Each SQLite database is simply a file • You can freely copy it, compress it, put it on a network • They are also portable; the same database file will work on Windows, Linux & MacOS

  4. SpatiaLite • Can be read by QGIS • Analogous to an ESRI File Geodatabase • Comes with a standalone executable GUI tool • Can import and export ESRI shapefiles

  5. PostGIS • Spatially enables PostgreSQL • PostgreSQL is a FOSS robust enterprise relational database • Analogous to ESRI's Spatial Database Engine (SDE) • Developed by Refractions Research • Released in May 2001

  6. PostGIS • PostGIS data can be used by: • QGIS • UDIG • GRASS GIS • MapServer • GeoServer • OGR • ArcGIS

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