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Molar Conversions

Dive into the fascinating world of molar conversions! Explore the concept of the mole as a counting number similar to a dozen, with Avogadro's number (6.02 × 10²³) defining it. Discover captivating examples illustrating the enormity of a mole, such as how one mole of pennies could cover the Earth to a depth of a quarter-mile! Learn about molar mass, critical for converting grams to moles, and how to use molarity in solution chemistry for precise calculations. Unlock the secrets of gas volumes at STP and much more in this comprehensive guide.

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Molar Conversions

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  1. The Mole Molar Conversions

  2. VERY A large amount!!!! A. What is the Mole? • A counting number (like a dozen) • Avogadro’s number • 1 mol = 6.02  1023 items

  3. A. What is the Mole? HOW LARGE IS IT??? • 1 mole of pennies would cover the Earth 1/4 mile deep! • 1 mole of hockey pucks would equal the mass of the moon! • 1 mole of basketballs would fill a bag the size of the earth!

  4. B. Molar Mass • Mass of 1 mole of an element or compound. • Atomic mass tells the... • atomic mass units per atom (amu) • grams per mole (g/mol) • Round to 2 decimal places

  5. B. Molar Mass Examples 12.01 g/mol 26.98 g/mol 65.39 g/mol • carbon • aluminum • zinc

  6. B. Molar Mass Examples • water • sodium chloride • H2O • 2(1.01) + 16.00 = 18.02 g/mol • NaCl • 22.99 + 35.45 = 58.44 g/mol

  7. B. Molar Mass Examples • sodium bicarbonate • sucrose • NaHCO3 • 22.99 + 1.01 + 12.01 + 3(16.00) = 84.01 g/mol • C12H22O11 • 12(12.01) + 22(1.01) + 11(16.00) = 342.34 g/mol

  8. MASS IN GRAMS MOLES NUMBER OF PARTICLES C. Molar Conversions molar mass 6.02  1023 (g/mol) (particles/mol)

  9. C. Molar Conversion Examples • How many moles of carbon are in 26 g of carbon? 26 g C 1 mol C 12.01 g C = 2.2 mol C

  10. C. Molar Conversion Examples • How many molecules are in 2.50 moles of C12H22O11? 6.02  1023 molecules 1 mol 2.50 mol = 1.51  1024 molecules C12H22O11

  11. C. Molar Conversion Examples • Find the mass of 2.1  1024 molecules of NaHCO3. 2.1  1024 molecules 1 mol 6.02  1023 molecules 84.01 g 1 mol = 290 g NaHCO3

  12. C. Molar Conversion Examples • Find the mass of one Fe atom • 1 mole Fe = 55.85g • 1 mole Fe = 6.02 x 1023 atoms • 55.85 g 1 mole 1 mole 6.02 x 1023 atoms = 9.28 x 10-23 g/atom

  13. C. Molar Conversions • How many Oxygenatoms are there in 50.25 g of CaCO3? 50.25g CaCO3 6.02 x 1023atoms O 1 mol CaCO3 3 mol O 1 mol CaCO3 100.09 g 1 mol O = 9.07 x 1023 atoms

  14. …and if Avogadro rings, ask him to leave his number…

  15. The Mole-Volume Relationship

  16. The Volume of a Gas • Many of the chemicals we deal with are gases • They are difficult to weigh (or mass) • We need to know how many moles of gas we have • Two things effect the volume of a gas • Temperature and pressure • We need to compare gases at the same temperature and pressure

  17. Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) • 0°C and 1 atmosphere (atm) of pressure • At STP, 1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 L • Called the molar volume • 1 mole = 22.4 L of any gas at STP

  18. Practice examples • What is the volume of 4.59 mole of CO2 gas at STP? • How many moles is 5.67 L of O2 at STP? • What is the volume of 8.8 g of CH4 gas at STP?

  19. Molarity –Molar Volume of… Solutions! • Molarity = moles of solute/liter of solution • Note: it’s liters of solution, not liters of solvent

  20. Molarity Examples • Calculate the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 23.4 g of sodium sulfate in 125 ml of solution • 23.4 g Na2SO4  0.165 mol • 125 ml  0.125 L • M = mol / L • M = 0.165mol / 0.125 L • M = 1.32 M

  21. Molarity Examples • Calculate the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 5.00 g of C6H12O6 in enough water to make 100.0 ml of solution • 0.280 M

  22. Molarity Examples • How many grams of Na2SO4 are required to make 0.350 L of a 0.500 M solution of Na2SO4? • 24.9 g Na2SO4

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