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MOUNTAIN BUILDING

MOUNTAIN BUILDING. Factors Affecting Deformation of Rock. Factors that influence the strength of a rock and how it will deform include temperature, pressure, rock type, and time . Deformation is a general term that refers to all changes in the original shape and/or size of a rock body .

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MOUNTAIN BUILDING

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  1. MOUNTAIN BUILDING

  2. Factors Affecting Deformation of Rock • Factors that influence the strength of a rock and how it will deform include temperature, pressure, rock type, and time. • Deformation is a general term that refers to all changes in the original shape and/or size of a rock body. • Stress is the force per unit area acting on a solid.

  3. Rock Type • Mineral composition and texture of a rock also greatly affect how it will deform.

  4. Time • In nature small stresses applied over a long period of time plays an important role in the deformation of rock.

  5. Types of Stress • The three types of stress are tensional, compressional and shear. • Tensional – when rocks are pulled in opposite directions • Compressional – when rocks are pushed together or squeezed. • Shear – when rocks are distorted from different pulling.

  6. Types of Stress

  7. Folds • Types of folds: • Anticline– upfolding, or arching, of rock layers. • Syncline–linear downfolds in sedimentary strata.

  8. Folds

  9. Folds

  10. Faults • Types of faults: • Normal–hanging wall block moves down (gravity) • Reverse–hanging wall block moves up the footwall block • Strike slip–side to side

  11. Faults

  12. Types of Mountains

  13. Folded Mountains • Mountains that are formed primarily by folding. • Compressional stresses

  14. Fault-Block Mountains • Large blocks of crust are uplifted and tilted along normal faults.

  15. Domes and Basins • Uplifting produces a circular or elongated structure, the feature is called a dome.

  16. Mountain Formation

  17. Plate Boundaries • What types of mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries? • Volcanic Mountains • Folded Mountains • With divergent plate boundaries? • Fault Mountains

  18. Ocean-Ocean Convergence • Ocean-ocean convergence mainly produces volcanic mountains.

  19. Ocean-Continental Convergence • The types of mountains formed by ocean-continental convergence are volcanic mountains and folded mountains. • An accretionary wedge is the accumulation of different sedimentary and metamorphic rocks with some scraps of ocean crust.

  20. Continental-Continental Convergence • At a convergent boundary between two plates carrying continental crust, a collision between the continental fragments will result and form folded mountains.

  21. Divergent Plate Boundaries • The mountains that form along ocean ridges at divergent plate boundaries are fault type mountains.

  22. Non-Boundary Mountains • Not all mountains are formed by plate boundaries. Some are formed by hot spots or regional extension or stretching.

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