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Understanding Valence Trends in the Periodic Table: Metals and Nonmetals Dynamics

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This document explores valence trends in the periodic table, focusing on how metals and nonmetals behave when gaining or losing electrons. It explains that metals can only lose electrons to become positively charged, while nonmetals can either gain or lose electrons, leading to negative or positive charges, respectively. The valence configurations of selected elements like Lithium (Li), Calcium (Ca), and Sulfur (S) are illustrated to demonstrate these principles. Additionally, metalloids are categorized based on their position relative to metals and nonmetals.

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Understanding Valence Trends in the Periodic Table: Metals and Nonmetals Dynamics

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  1. Valence trends on the periodic table.Grab both copied papers, ROYGBP and Black colors.

  2. The Rules: • Metals can ONLY lose e- = positively charged • Nonmetals can gain or lose e- • gain = negatively charged • lose = positively charged • (For valences, the metalloids are grouped either • With the metals or nonmetals, depending which • Side of the line they are on)

  3. Li = 1s22s1 Li+ = 1s2 = He Ca = 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 Ca+2 = 1s22s22p63s23p6 = Ar +1 +2

  4. +1 +2 +3 +4 +6 +7

  5. +1 +3 +5 +7 S = 1s22s22p63s23p4 S+4= 1s22s22p63s2 S+6 = 1s22s22p6= Ne +4 +6 +2

  6. -4 -3 -2 -1 S = 1s22s22p63s23p4 S-2 = 1s22s22p63s23p6 = Ar H is also -1

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