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Sedimentary r ocks

Sedimentary r ocks. 97,3% of Hungary is covered with some kind of sediment 75% of land surface on the earth is covered by thin veneer of sediments or sedimentary rocks. Classification

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Sedimentary r ocks

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  1. Sedimentaryrocks 97,3% of Hungary is coveredwithsomekindof sediment 75% of land surface on the earth is covered by thin veneer of sediments or sedimentary rocks. Classification Based on the processes responsible for their formation, sedimentary rocks can be subdivided into threegroups:  clastic sedimentary rocks biochemical (or biogenic) sedimentary rocks chemical sedimentary rocks 

  2. Sedimentaryrocks Clastic sedimentary rocks are composed of silicate minerals and rock fragments that were transported by moving fluids (as bed load, suspended load, or by sediment gravity flows) and were deposited when these fluids came to rest.  

  3. Sedimentaryrocks Clastic sediment, and thus clastic sedimentary rocks, are subdivided according to the dominant particle size (diameter) and cementation Not cemented sediments Gravel (>2 mm) Sand (2 – 0,06 mm) Mud, kőzetliszt (0,06 - 0,002 mm Clay (<0,002 mm)

  4. Sedimentaryrocks Wateruptake of theclaydeppandontheclaymineralcompositon Wateruptake→ swelling Montmorilloniteuptu300 % volumetricswelling

  5. Sedimentaryrocks Brecciasare coarse grained rocks dominantly composed of gravel sized particles that are typically held together by a finer grained martix. The gravel sized particles are angular. Usage: deppandsonthecementation: goodquality: Masonarybricks, loadbearingstructures, ornamentalstone

  6. Sedimentaryrocks ConglomeratesThe gravel sized particles that make up conglomerates are well rounded Usage: deppandsonthecementation: goodquality: Masonarybricks, loadbearingstructures, ornamentalstone

  7. Sedimentaryrocks Sandstone(2 - 0,063 mm) Sandstones are medium grained rocks composed of rounded or angular fragments of sand size, that often but not always have a cement uniting them together. Usage: deppandsonthecementation: goodquality: Masonarybricks, loadbearingstructures, ornamentalstone

  8. Sedimentaryrocks SiltstoneAs its name implies, it is primarily composed (greater than 2/3) of silt sized particles, defined as grains 2–62 µm Usage: cheramicindustry, insulations (water)

  9. Sedimentaryrocks Loesspredominantly silt-sized sediment, which is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust.Typicallyyellow. Slump is a tipicalproblam: volumeduetosaturation. Usege: cement industry

  10. Sedimentaryrocks Claystonecomposed primarily of clay-sized particles (less than 1/256 millimeter in diameter).Usage: brickproduction Relatedtoradioactivewasterepositories, typicalhost rock

  11. Sedimentaryrocks Biochemical rock Saturation of thesolution -  precipitate - Compaction – Cementation LimestoneCaCO3 (HClsolveit - fizz) DenseLimestone Courselimestone FreshwaterLimestone

  12. Sedimentaryrocks VEGYI/BIOGÉN ÜLEDÉKES KŐZETEK Oldat kialakulása – Oldat telítődése – Kicsapódás, kiválás –Tömörödés – Diagenezis és cementáció Dolostone or dolomite rock is a sedimentary carbonate rock that contains a high percentage of themineral dolomite.CaMg(C03)2 Can either contain bedded layers or be unbedded. It is less soluble than limestone in weakly acidic groundwater, but it can still develop solution features over time. Dolostone can act as an oil and natural gas reservoir. Usuallyfractured, hardtoprocess(difficulttoformbricks), it is brittle. Usedasbulkmaterial: ballastunderroad, rail ; concreteagregate White inthevicinity of naturalfractures (Mg)

  13. Sedimentaryrocks Biochemical sedimentary rocks Coal: usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams: Peat, an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter. considered to be a precursor of coal, has industrial importance as a fuel in some regions Lignite, or brown coal, is the lowest rank of coal and used almost exclusively as fuel for electric power generation.  Bituminous coal is a dense sedimentary rock, usually black, but sometimes dark brown, fuel in steam-electric power generation, Anthracite, the highest rank of coal, is a harder, glossy black coal used primarily for residential and commercial space heating.

  14. Sedimentaryrocks OtherSedimentaryrocks Marl or marlstone is a calcium carbonate or lime-rich mud or mudstone which contains variable amounts of clays and silt. The dominant carbonate mineral in most marls is calcite, but other carbonate minerals such as aragonite, dolomite, and siderite may be present. his finely bedded material Usage.: cement industry, non-loadbearingstructures, typicalyhighlyfractured, itcan be onlyusedasbulkmaterial. Bauxite, an aluminium ore, is the world's main source of aluminium. Red, pink, wateruptakecan be high Usage: inpaints, aluminiumproduction, sandpaper.

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