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Water in Emergencies

Water in Emergencies. Session 9 Water Facilities & Good Practices. Exercise - Meeting the Needs of the Users. List the different facilities connected to water provision in an emergency which the beneficiaries will use directly?

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Water in Emergencies

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  1. Water in Emergencies Session 9 Water Facilities & Good Practices W9

  2. Exercise - Meeting the Needs of the Users • List the different facilities connected to water provision in an emergency which the beneficiaries will use directly? • Select two or three types of facilities and identify the key design features which you think the users would identify as important? W9

  3. Water Facilities Design features from the users’ perspective: • Acceptable level of service– water quantity, queuing time, distance • Accessible – to people with different levels of mobility, safe • Culturally appropriate– level of privacy, availability of water for anal cleansing • No protection risk– siting, distance, lighting • Hygienic – good drainage, regular cleaning W9

  4. Best Practices for: • Drainage • Tapstands • Handwashing facilities • Accessibility for people with disabilities • Bathing units • Clothes and cooking pots washing • Cholera treatment centres W9

  5. Designing to Meet the Needsof the User Involve the different groups of users in design facilities: • Siting / safety / protection ? • Privacy ? • Accessibility ? • Cultural acceptability ? • Water for anal cleansing ? • Dealing with menstruation ? W9

  6. Designing to Meet the needs of the User • Early stages - ad hoc questions to women and men and children if possible • After the immediate situation is stabilised - more discussions, small focus groups, household visits • Consider gender, age and ethnicity for FGDs • Work with communities together with - hygiene promotion staff • What staff are available to talk to different groups W9

  7. Drainage ? REDR W9

  8. Water-Points & Drainage of Wastewater Refugee camp, Zaire S House / WEDC Burmese refugee camp in Bangladesh Gary Campbell W9

  9. Water-Points & Drainage of Wastewater Nepal, IDP camp for flood affected population S House / OXFAM-GB Soak-pit IDP camp, northern Uganda (to be covered) S House / MSF-OCBA W9

  10. Soakpits Davies & Lambert (1995) Engineering in Emergencies, REDR & ITDG Large soakpit constructed under the platform, Pakistan earthquake response S House / OXFAM--GB The simpler the better High O&M Not always possible– clayey soil Not essential to cover soak pits Uncovered soakpits - can become flooded with heavy rains if poor infiltration Covered soakpits - easier for pipe / entrance to become blocked W9

  11. Using Wastewater for Other Purposes Wastewater can be collected for other uses: • Animal watering • Collection by bucket for use on small vegetable gardens • Feed directly into a small garden Each needs appropriate management Cattle trough constructed for wastewater on a community water point, Zimbabwe S House / ACF W9

  12. Package GS Tapstand OXFAM equipment manuals W9

  13. Hand-Washing Facilities IFRC REDR • If water supply for hand-washing is not constant: • Who will fill the water containers? • What will be the mechanism? • How will it be sustained? W9

  14. Soap WASH Cluster Hygiene Project At least 250g of soap available for personal hygiene per person per month R.Scott, / WEDC W9

  15. Hand-Washing Facilities Inter-agency manual on excreta disposal in emergencies, 2007 W9

  16. Hand-Washing S House / OXFAM-GB Hand-washing drum standing on soak pit near exit to latrine / bathing block, NWFP, Pakistan Hand-washing stand in a school in Tajikistan (drainage from stand could be improved) W9

  17. Accessibility to Water in Emergencies Ask disabled people, their carers and others with limited mobility including the aged Are there improvements which could improve ease of access? Work with hygiene promotion and health facility staff to reach people who may have limited mobility Not all people are standard sizes or have the same mobility All photos / drawings - WEDC W9

  18. Accessibility to Water in Emergencies Example of improvements: Add handrails, improve difficult paths Add slopes to access facilities Add washable seats in bathing units Provide smaller / adapted water containers W9

  19. Bathing Shelters S House / MSF-OCBA S House / MSF-OCBA Drainage problem from a bathing shelter, northern Uganda User improved surface inside bathing shelter, IDP camp, northern Uganda W9

  20. Bathing Units & Privacy for Menstruation Discuss with users - particularly women & adolescent girls: • What are their needs? • Where should bathing units be located? • Type of doors, locks? • Needs for dealing with menstruation hygiene? • Separate male / female facilities • What is culturally appropriate? • Will users feel secure when using? W9

  21. Bathing Units • Hygiene • Privacy • Dignity • Safety WASH Cluster Hygiene Project W9

  22. Pakistan earthquake response, OXFAM-GB W9

  23. Bathing Units & Privacy for Dealing with Menstruation S House / OXFAM-GB Screened units for toilets and bathing – Pakistan earthquake response Trial menstrual cloth washing units – located inside latrine / bathing blocks (these were used in one camp, not used in another) W9

  24. Clothes & Cooking Pot Washing Clothes washing slab, refugee camp, Zaire Clothes / pot washing slab, IDP camp, Pakistan S House / WEDC S House / OXFAM-GB W9

  25. Cooking Pot Washing Area - Grease Trap Davies & Lambert (1995) Engineering in Emergencies, REDR & ITDG W9

  26. Cholera Treatment Centres –Chlorinated Water for Cleaning MSF-B F Polo / UNICEF Cleaning implements, foot bath & easy to clean surfaces in latrine and cholera ward MSF-B W9

  27. CTCs – chlorinated water for bathing, clothes washing, hygiene F Polo / UNICEF S House / UNICEF F Polo / UNICEF W9

  28. Designing facilities to meet the needs of the (different groups of) users Discuss with the beneficiaries their needs - ask for feedback - modify where appropriate W9

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