Unit 2 - Anatomical Terminology

1. Unit 2 -Anatomical Terminology HS111 – Medical Terminology Seminar March 30th – April 5th, 2011

2. Learning Activities for this week • Complete Reading – Ch.2 & Ch.3 • Participate in Discussion - initial post doesn’t have to be 100 words, but try using at least 5 medical terms; also, initial post has to be by Saturday at 11:59pm EST • Participate in Seminar – Opt. 1 or 2 • Take the Quiz • No project due this week

3. Review from last week – intro to word parts * * Don’t forget ** • Word root – the word part that is the core of the word • Prefix – attached to the beginning of the word root to modify its meaning • Suffix – attached to the end of the word root to modify its meaning (most med. terms have a suffix) • Combining vowel – a word part, usually an ‘o,’ used to ease pronunciation • Defining med.terms – start with suffix, then move to beginning of word ex. Oste/o/pathy – disease of the bone

4. Chapter 2 – Body Structure, Color, and Oncology Organization of the human body • Cell – basic unit of life • Tissues – group of similar cells that perform a specific task • Organs – 2+ kinds of tissues that perform special body functions together • Systems – group of organs working together to perform complex body functions

5. Combining forms ofbody structure • Aden/o – gland • Cyt/o – cell • Epitheli/o – epithelium • Fibr/o – fiber • Hist/o – tissue • Kary/o – nucleus • Lip/o – fat • My/o – muscle • Neur/o – nerve • Organ/o – organ • Sarc/o – flesh, connective tissue • System/o – system • Viscer/o – internal organs

6. More combining forms used with body structure terms • Cancer/o or carcin/o – cancer • Eti/o – cause (of disease) • Gno/o – knowledge • Iatr/o – MD, medicine • Onc/o – tumor, mass • Path/o – disease • Somat/o – body • Lei/o – smooth • Rhabd/o - striated

7. Quiz time – who’s awake!? Tell me what the def’s are: Hist/o - ? My/o - ? Viscer/o - ? Sarc/o - ? Eti/o - ?

8. Combining forms that describe color • Chrom/o – color • Erythro/o – red • Xanth/o – yellow • Chlor/o – green • Cyan/o – blue • Melan/o – black • Leuk/o - white

9. Common suffixes & prefixes Prefixes • Dia– = through, complete • Dys– = painful or abnormal • Hyper– = above, excessive • Hypo- = below, deficient • Meta– = after, beyond, change • Neo- = new • Pro- = before Suffixes • -al, -ic, -ous = pertaining to • -stasis = control, stop, standing • -plasia = condition of formation, dvlpmt, growth • -osis = abnormal condition • -genesis = origin • -genic = producing, originating, causing • -pathy = disease • -plasm = growth • -oma = tumor

10. Another quiz! What do these words mean? • Fibr/oma • My/oma • Lip/oma • Melan/oma

11. More to that! Cancerous tumor – WR / S Tumor composed of nerve- WR / S Tumor composed of smooth muscle- WR / CV / WR / S

12. Body structure terms • Dysplasia – abnormal development • Erythrocyte- RBC • Histology – study of tissue • Leukocyte – WBC • Carcinogen – substance that causes cancer • Cyanosis – abnormal condition of blue color • Diagnosis – state of complete knowledge (identifying a disease) • Etiology – study of causes (of diseases) • Metastasis – beyond control (transfer of disease from one organ to another) • Oncologist – MD who studies/treats tumors • Pathogenic – producing disease • Prognosis – state of before knowledge (prediction of outcome of the disease)

13. Quiz time! Define the following terms: Histology - ??? Carcinogen - ??? Oncologist - ??? Prognosis - ???

14. Cancer terms • Benign – not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery • Chemotherapy – treatment of cancer with drugs • Exacerbation – increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms • Idiopathic – pertaining to disease of unknown origin • In vitro – within a glass, observable within a test tube • Radiation therapy – treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, X-ray, or radiation • Remission – improvement or absence of signs of the disease

15. Page 49 in text Check out Singular & Plural Endings for Medical Terms You will need to bookmark this page for future reference 

16. Chapter 3 –Directional Terms, Anatomic Planes, Regions, & Quadrants Combining Forms • Anter/o – front • Caud/o- tail (downward) • Cephal/o – head (upward) • Dist/o – away (from the point of attachment of a body part) • Dors/o – back • Infer/o – below • Later/o – side • Medi/o – middle • Poster/o – back, behind • Proxim/o – near (the point of attachment of a body part) • Super/o – above • Ventr/o – belly (front)

17. Quiz Fill in the blank: The combining form meaning middle is __________. The combining form meaning tail (downward) is ___________.

18. Prefixes & suffixes Let’s go over these together: Bi- means what? Uni– means what? -ad means what? -ior means what?

19. Directional terms • Caudad – toward the tail • Cephalad – toward the head • Lateral – pertaining to the side • Medial – pertaining to the middle • Unilateral – pertaining to one side • Bilateral – pertaining to two sides • Mediolateral – pertaining to the middle and to the side • Posterior – pertaining to the back • Distal – pertaining to away • Proximal – pertaining to near • Inferior – pertaining to below • Superior – pertaining to above • Caudal – pertaining to the tail • Cephalic – pertaining to the head • Anterior – pertaining to the front • Dorsal – pertaining to the back

20. Anatomic planes Frontal or coronal – vertical field passing through body from side to side (dividing body into anterior and posterior parts) Sagittal – vertical field running through the body from front to back (dividing body into right and left sides) Midsagittal – divides the body into right and left halves Transverse – horizontal field dividing body into upper and lower parts

21. Quiz – just one more Fill in the blank: • Medial means pertaining to the ________. • Anterior means pertaining to the ________. • Cephalic means pertaining to the _______. • ________ is the horizontal field dividing the body into upper and lower portions.

22. The 9 abdominopelvic regions • Umbilical region – around the naval • Epigastric region – right above the umbilical region • Hypogastric region – right below the umbilical region • Hypochondriac regions (2) – to the right and left of the epigastric region • Lumbar regions (2) – to the right and left of the umbilical region • Iliac regions (2) – to the right and left of the hypogastric region

23. 4Abdominopelvic quadrants • RUQ – right upper quadrant • LUQ – left upper quadrant • RLQ – right lower quadrant • LLQ – left lower quadrant

24. Thank you for attending seminar tonight!