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May 26, 2007 Wonjun Nam

Translating Cultural References in Tourist Brochures A Case Study of Corpora and Revision in the Korean-into-English Translation Classroom. May 26, 2007 Wonjun Nam Graduate School of Interpreting & Translation (GSIT) Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS). Translation Problems (1)

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May 26, 2007 Wonjun Nam

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  1. Translating Cultural References in Tourist BrochuresA Case Study of Corpora and Revision in the Korean-into-English Translation Classroom May 26, 2007 Wonjun Nam Graduate School of Interpreting & Translation (GSIT) Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS)

  2. Translation Problems(1) • Metaphor • ST: 경기도는 서울을 둘러싸고 있으며, 국제 공항이 있는 인천과 청주를, 그리고 중국 진출의 전초 기지 평택항을 차량으로 1시간권내에 두고 있습니다. • Student’s TT: Gyeonggi Province surrounds Seoul and is just an hour away from Incheon and Cheongju with their international airports, and also the Pyeongtaek Harbor, the base for taking your business into the Chinese economy.

  3. Translation Problems(2) • Idioms & Others • ST: • ST: 선진국들은 이미 공해와 환경, 고용 문제를 극복하는 새로운 대안으로 관광 산업에 주목하고 있으며, 집중적인 투자를 아끼지 않고 있습니다. • Student’s TT: Advanced countries are already paying keen interest intourism as a possible alternative in overcoming many problems including, environmental issues, pollution and unemployment, and thus are intensively investing in the industry.

  4. Translation Problems (3) • Culture-specific Items • ST: • 동북아 관광 산업의 新중심, 경기도 • Student’sTT: Gyeonggi-do is the new tourism hub of Northeast Asia • Revised TT: • Gyeonggi Province: New Hub of Northeast Asian Tourism

  5. Corpora in Translator Education • Bilingual Comparable Corpus(1) • ST: “sale il gradino piu' alto” – “win the gold medal”

  6. Corpora in Translator Education • Bilingual Comparable Corpus(2) • ST: Search for “podium”

  7. Corpora in Translator Education • Parallel Corpus(2) • ST: English Alexander Leighton, now professor emeritus of social psychiatry at the Harvard School of Public Health, T. A. Lambo, formerly deputy director general of WHO… • TT: French – “les psychiatres” No mentioning of organization Pearson (2003, p. 18) “[T]ranslation students can use parallel corpora to see how professional translators have overcome specific translation problems.”

  8. Literature Review: • Almost no research using both parallel and bilingual comparable corpora • Conflicting arguments on which is more suitable, parallel and bilingual comparable corpora? • No such research on Korean-into-English translation

  9. Scope of Research • Post-graduate Translation Classroom • Directionality: Korean-into-English • Tourist Brochures: Full of metaphors, idioms, culture-specific itemsand others that present translation problems for students

  10. Research Questions • (Action Research Approach) • Is corpora effective even in Korean-into-English? • If so, which is more suitable? Parallel or bilingual comparable corpora? • What else do students need?

  11. Case Study (1) • 3 STs: About certain region, its major event, and Korean culture • 2 CSIs, 3 Metaphors, 4 Idioms

  12. Case Study (2) • TQA (Translation Quality Assessment) Panel • More than 5 years experience • Abundant experience in tourism-related translations • Korean evaluators: 3 (Professors, lecturers) • Foreign evaluators: 3 (Professional revisers)

  13. Case Study (3) • Question 1: Is corpora effective even in Korean-into-English? • ST: ‘천혜의 자연 환경’

  14. Case Study (4) • ST: ‘제사’ – No entry in Corpora • Student 1-2’sTT: sharing food for worshipping families’ ancestors • Student 1-5’sTT: sacrifice rituals • Student 2-5’sTT: religious ceremony • ST: ‘비빔밥’ – Entry in Corpora • Student 1-2’sTT: Bibimbap (mixed rice with vegetables) • Student 1-5’sTT: Bibimbap • Student 2-5’sTT: Bibimbap (mixed rice with vegetables

  15. Case Study (5) • Question 2: Comparison between Parallel or bilingual comparable corpora

  16. Case Study (6) • Question 3: What else do students need? • ST: 육백 년 역사를 자랑하는 문화 도시, 국제 도시로서의 면모를 갖춘 서울, 이곳에서 축제가 열린다. 그 문화적 역량과 시민의 무한한 잠재력을 봄꽃처럼 활짝 피워낼 흥겨운 잔치 한마당이 바로 그것. • Student 1-3’sTT: A cultural city with its six-century-long history, a truly international city, Seoul is hosting an exciting festival – one that will unleash the vast potential and cultural capability of the Seoul citizens. • Reviser: […] one that will unleash the vast potential and cultural capability[F] (and what might “cultural capability” mean?!?) of the Seoul citizens.

  17. Inter-rater Reliability • ST: 경기도는, 북한의 개성공단과 인접하고 있는 남북 교류 협력의 전진 기지로서 한반도의… • Student 1-3’sTT: Gyeonggi Province, an outpost of inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation that… • Reviser: Gyeonggi Province, an outpost [F]of inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation that… [I keep seeing the word "outpost," which specifically indicates a secondary site away from a main one. As such, I feel it actually serves to belittle Gyeonggi's role.]

  18. Case Study: Revision • ST: 동아시아 중심에 위치한 뛰어난 접근성과 유구한 역사, 그리고 풍부한 관광자원을 갖춘 경기도 • Student’s TT: Gyeonggi Province, which has an excellent accessibility to the rest of East Asia… • Reviser: Gyeonggi Province, whichis greatly accessible to the rest of East Asia…

  19. Conclusion • ‘IDEAL’ Classroom: 2 or 3 cooperative class – Korean lecturer + corpora + foreign reviser • Reviser ONLY: Misunderstanding • Korean lecturer ONLY: “Outpost” • With corpora: “blessed with natural environment” • Without corpora: “sacrifice rituals”

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