Properties of matter

1. Properties of matter

2. General Properties of Matter • Matter is anything that has mass and volume • Everything is made of matter

3. What are properties? • Characteristics used to describe an object • Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture,hardness • video

4. General Properties of matter • Mass, weight, volume, and density • Properties are used to identify a substance

5. What is mass? • Mass is the amount of matter in an object • Mass is constant • Mass is also the measure of inertia

6. What is inertia? • Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its motion • The more mass the greater the inertia

7. Questions • How is mass related to inertia? • Why are properties of an object important?

8. Question • Which object has more inertia, an empty wagon or one loaded with rocks? Why?

9. Question • What does a seatbelt do for a passenger when a car stops suddenly?

10. Question • Why would the passenger move forward without the restraining force of the belt?

11. Question • What would stop a passenger if the seatbelt were not in place?

12. Question • What other safety features are present in a car in response to a person’s inertia in a moving vehicle?

13. Weight • The measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object • Weight changes with gravity • The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)

14. Weight formula • 1 kg = 2.2 pounds • Weight is mass times gravity (9.8 m/s2) • W= m x g • What is your mass? • What is your weight in Newtons?

15. What is gravity? • The force of attraction between objects is gravity • All objects exert a gravitational force on each other

16. Question • Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth?

17. Gravitational pull • The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force

18. Question • Why can’t we feel the pull of gravity from Jupiter even though it is so massive?

19. What affects gravity? • The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases • gravity depends on mass and distance

20. Gravity • The further an object is from the center of the earth, the less the object will weigh

21. Question • Would you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest?

22. Question • The moon is smaller than the earth. How would your weight be different on the moon?

23. Questions • What are three properties of matter related to mass?

24. Question • What is density and how is it calculated?

25. Density • The density of water is 1.0 g/ml • Objects with densities greater than 1.0 will sink in water

26. Density • Objects with densities less than 1.0 g/ml will float on water

27. Ice • Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water • Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed

28. Astronomy fact! • The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1.0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float!

29. Calculations • If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold?

30. Calculation • If 96.5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm3, what is the density of aluminum?

31. Calculation • If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g/cm3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0.5 cm3?

32. What is specific gravity? • A comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity

33. Questions • How is density different from specific gravity?

34. What is a physical property? • Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

35. Phases of matter (video) • Four phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma • solids have a definite shape and volume

36. Solid particle arrangement • Solids are tightly packed and the particles vibrate • Two types of solids are crystalline and amorphous

37. Types of solids • Crystalline solids are arranged in repeating patterns called crystals (salt, sugar) • Amorphous solids can lose their shape

38. Examples of amorphous solids • Tar, candle wax, glass • Shape changes under certain conditions (differences in temperature)

39. Liquid particle arrangement • Liquids have particles that are close together, but are free to move

40. Question • Describe the shape of a liquid.

41. Describe a liquid • Liquids do not have a definite shape, but they have a definite volume

42. Question • What happens when one-liter of soda is poured into a four-liter container?

43. Properties of liquids • Liquids do not expand to fill the volume of a container • Liquids are characterized by their ability to flow

44. What is viscosity? • The resistance of a liquid to flow • The difficulty of a liquid to flow easily • Honey, motor oil, corn syrup have a high viscosity

45. Behavior of liquids • Cohesion is the force of attraction between LIKE particles • Adhesion is the force of attraction between UNLIKE particles

46. Surface tension (video) • Tendency of particles to pull together at the surface of a liquid due to cohesion

47. Question • Describe the viscosity of a liquid. • Describe a liquid’s shape.

48. Questions • How is adhesion different from cohesion? • Explain surface tension.

49. Properties of gases • Gases do not have a definite shape or volume (video) • They fill all the available space in a container

50. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter • Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion