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Understanding pH Scale and Ionization of Water

Explore the concept of pH scale, ionization of water, and the relationship between hydronium and hydroxide ions. Learn about the acidity and basicity of solutions through examples and calculations.

paul-rich
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Understanding pH Scale and Ionization of Water

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  1. Chapter 9Acids and Bases Ionization of Water The pH Scale

  2. Ionization of Water Occasionally, in water, a H+ is transferred between H2O molecules . . . . . . . . H:O: + :O:H H:O:H + + :O:H- . . . . . . . . HH H water molecules hydronium hydroxide ion (+)ion (-)

  3. Pure Water is Neutral Pure water contains small, but equal amounts of ions: H3O+ and OH- H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH- hydronium hydroxide ion ion 1 x 10-7 M1 x 10-7 M H3O+ OH-

  4. Ion Product of Water Kw [ ] = Molar concentration Kw = [ H3O+ ] [ OH- ] = [ 1 x 10-7 ][ 1 x 10-7 ] = 1 x 10-14

  5. Acids • Increase H+ • HCl (g) + H2O (l)H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq) • More [H3O+] than water > 1 x 10-7M • As H3O+ increases, OH- decreases [H3O+] > [OH-] H3O+ OH-

  6. Bases • Increase the hydroxide ions (OH-) H2O • NaOH (s) Na+(aq) + OH- (aq) • More [OH-] than water, [OH-] > 1 x 10-7M • When OH- increases, H3O+ decreases [OH] > [H3O+] OH- H3O+

  7. Using Kw The [OH- ] of a solution is 1.0 x 10- 3M. What is the [H3O+]? Kw = [H3O+ ] [OH- ] = 1.0 x 10-14 [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10-14 [OH-] [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10-14= 1.0 x 10-11 M 1.0 x 10- 3

  8. Learning Check pH1 The [H3O+] of lemon juice is 1.0 x 10-3 M. What is the [OH-] of the solution? 1) 1.0 x 103 M 2) 1.0 x 10-11 M 3) 1.0 x 1011 M

  9. Solution pH1 The [H3O+] of lemon juice is 1.0 x 10- 3 M. What is the [OH-]? [OH- ] =1.0 x 10 -14 = 1.0 x 10-11 M 1.0 x 10 - 3

  10. Using the Calculator 1.0 x 10 -14 4.0 x 10-5 Enter1.0 EE +/- 14 4.0 EE+/- 5 = 2.5 x 10 -10

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